exam 1 Flashcards
What is a cookie?
Small files stored on the client computer by the server, returned to the server with each page request. Contains enough data from the server, unique identifiers, can connect you to earlier interactions, can store user authentication information, and give an illusion of a continuous connection.
What is an ISP?
Internet service provider, sells connections to the internet.
Example: Phone companies and cable companies.
What does an ISP provide?
A modem for your house that converts the bits a computer outputs into a form compatible with the carrier.
How do signals travel through an ISP?
Signals are sent to the carrier’s business where they are converted through another modem into a form suitable for the server that connects to the internet.
What is Ethernet?
Topology for local area networks using wire, wire pairs, or optical fibers to connect.
Like a party, where every computer listens while one tells a story; no computer has a more important status.
What is a WAN?
Wide area network connecting computers over a wider area than a few kilometers.
Designed to send information between two widely separated locations.
What is a web crawler?
A program that navigates the internet, cataloging and indexing web pages by the words they contain for use by query processors.
Crawling visits every web page that it can find.
What is page rank?
An algorithm in Google that computes the importance of a web page based on its relevance, determined by links to that page.
It ranks web pages in search engine results to determine which are likely to be most important to you.
What does a Venn diagram represent in search?
It illustrates logical relationships between search terms.
AND: needs to have both; AND NOT: not this word; OR: shows either.
What is synchronous communication?
Requires that both the sender and receiver are active at the same time.
Why are metaphors essential to computer usage?
They guide us as we learn and use software.
What is TCP/IP?
The primary protocol that enables communication and data exchange between different devices on a network.
What is the main process involved in digitizing sound?
Converting sound waves into a series of numbers using sampling.
What is lossy compression?
A compression scheme that is usually achieved by permanently removing less essential information to reduce file size.
What is the primary purpose of a web crawler?
To index and organize web pages.
What is the relationship between the internet and the WWW?
The internet is a global network infrastructure, and the WWW is a system of interconnected documents accessed via the internet.
What is the key difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv6 was designed to address the depletion of available addresses in IPv4.
What are cookies?
Small files stored on the client computer that can store user authentication information and give the illusion of a continuous connection.
What does a search using the logical operator AND require?
It requires that both words be found on the page.
What happens when you increase all RGB components of each pixel?
It will increase brightness.
What is the correct order of prefixes from smallest to largest?
Kilo, mega, giga, tera (KMGT).
What is a device driver?
A computer program that communicates with and controls specific hardware.
What does the CPU (microprocessor) do?
Performs instructions stored in the computer’s memory (brain of the computer).
What is PandA?
A representation used to describe information using binary states.
What is metadata?
Information that describes properties of other information.
What is RAM?
The main memory in the computer that can be accessed randomly.
What is an operating system?
Software that performs tasks such as loading programs, locating files, and sharing memory.
What is PageRank?
An algorithm that ranks web pages in search engine results.
What does an ISP do?
Provides individuals and organizations access to the internet.
What is an algorithm?
A precise, systematic method to solve a problem.
What is abstraction?
The process of expressing an idea in general form, eliminating many details.
What is the difference between bandwidth and latency?
Bandwidth deals with how much information is transmitted per unit of time, whereas latency is the time it takes for information to be created or delivered.
