Exam 1 Flashcards
1 cm= mm
10 mm
1 inch = cm?
2.5 cm
1 m= cm?
100 cm
1tsp= mL?
5 mL
1 TBS (or TBSP) = mL?
15 mL
1 oz (volume, not weight) = mL?
30 mL
1 cup = mL?
240 mL
1 L= mL
1000 mL
1 mg= mcg?
1000 mcg
1 g = mg?
1000 mg
1 kg = g?
1000 g
1 kg = lbs?
2.2 lbs
1 lb = oz (weight not volume)
16 oz (weight not volume)
How should you round dosages less than 1?
0.7648 mcg would round to?
Round answers to the nearest hundredth. A leading zero is required.
0.76 mcg
How should you round dosages between 1 and 10?
1.225 mg would round to?
Round answers to the nearest tenth. Do not use a trailing zero.
1.2 mg
How should you round dosages greater than 10?
Ex: 11.529 mL would round to?
Round answers to the nearest whole number.
12 mL
How should weight-based calculations be rounded?
If a baby weighs 3743.29 g, this would round to?
All weight-based calculations are rounded to the nearest tenth.
3743.3 g
What serves as the foundation for nursing care?
Theory serves as the foundation for nursing care.
Who established the first nursing philosophy?
Florence Nightingale established the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration.
Florence Nightingales theory was an example of what type of theory?
Grand theory
What roles did Florence Nightingale hold besides being a nurse?
She was an epidemiologist and statistician.
What improvements did Florence Nightingale make in battlefield hospitals?
She improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals.
Rank these theories based on their level of abstraction:
Metatheory
Grand theory
Middle range theory
Practice theory
Metatheory (Most abstract)
Grand theory
Middle range theory
Practice theory (Least abstract)
What does ‘P’ stand for in the PICOT format?
Patient population of interest
What does ‘I’ represent in the PICOT format?
Intervention of interest
What does ‘C’ indicate in the PICOT format?
Comparison of interest
What does ‘O’ refer to in the PICOT format?
Outcome
What does ‘T’ signify in the PICOT format?
Time
What is the first step in Evidence-Based Practice?
Ask a clinical question in PICOT format, where PICOT stands for Patient Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time.
Example framing: “In ____ (P), what is the effect of ____ (I), compared with _____ (C), on _____ (O) within _____ (T)?”
What is the second step in Evidence Based Practice?
Search for the best evidence.
Use sources such as agency policies, procedure manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical practice guidelines, and journal articles.
What is the third step in Evidence-Based Practice?
Critically appraise the evidence.
This involves synthesizing or combining findings, evaluating the scientific rigor, and determining the value, feasibility, and usefulness of the evidence for practice.
What is the fourth step in Evidence-Based Practice?
Integrate the evidence.
Apply the research to your plan of care by using evidence as a rationale, educating staff, planning large-scale changes (often starting with a pilot study), and updating policies and procedures accordingly.
What is the fifth step in Evidence-Based Practice?
Evaluate the outcomes of the practice decision or change.
Assess whether the change was effective, if modifications are needed, or if the change should be discontinued, while monitoring for any unexpected results.
What is the sixth step in Evidence-Based Practice?
Communicate the outcomes.
Share the results with clinical staff, nursing practice councils (such as EBP and research councils), and clinicians via channels like clinical grand rounds, professional conferences, and meetings.
What is the highest level of evidence in research?
Level I: Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews.
What type of study is considered Level II evidence?
A well-designed randomized controlled trial (RCT).
What is a Level III study in the evidence hierarchy?
A controlled trial without randomization (quasiexperimental study).
What type of studies are classified as Level IV (4) evidence?
Single nonexperimental studies such as case-control, correlational, and cohort studies.
What kind of evidence is found at Level V?
Systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies.
What defines Level VI evidence?
A single descriptive or qualitative study.
What is the lowest level of evidence in research?
Level VII: Opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees.
Why do we use APA?
A. Give credit where credit is due
B. Provides a structure for citing
C. Helps to improve your work by supporting:
Topics
Research
Ideas
Strengthening your positions
What should an APA title page include?
Title – Centered, bold face, no abbreviations, focused
Spacing – Two double spaces between title and author
Author’s Name – (First name Last name, do not use titles or degrees)
Institutional Affiliation – (Yours will state: Central New Mexico Community College)
Course Information – Course Number: Course Name (Example: NMNC 1110: Introduction to Nursing Concepts)
Instructor’s Name – Use the instructor’s preferred title and name
Degrees before credentials (Example: MSN, RN)
Assignment Due Date – Include the full due date in Month Day, Year format
What does SBAR stand for?
S – Situation
B – Background
A – Assessment
R – Recommendation
What is included in the ‘Situation’ section of SBAR?
Identify yourself and your role (e.g., ‘My name is Sam Sparks, I am a student nurse.’)
State where you are calling from (e.g., ‘Med-Surg unit.’)
Identify the patient (e.g., ‘Ms. Elliot, a 57-year-old woman in Room 502.’)
Provide a brief reason for calling (e.g., ‘No signs of confusion, but she had a headache.’)
What is included in the ‘Background’ section of SBAR?
Patient’s relevant medical history (e.g., ‘Has a history of migraines and diabetes managed with diet.’)
Reason for admission (e.g., ‘Admitted at 1930 after a motor vehicle accident where she hit her head on the windshield.’)
Previous medical orders (e.g., ‘Monitor for changes in alertness, pain, or discomfort.’)
Additional relevant information (e.g., ‘Has no history of surgeries. Orders to monitor A&O status every 4 hours.’)
What is included in the ‘Assessment’ section of SBAR?
Vital Signs: BP 122/84, Temp 97.6°F, Resp. Rate 18, Pulse 82, O₂ Sat 96%
Respiratory changes: No respiratory changes
Cognitive/Mental status: A & O ×4
Musculoskeletal/Skin changes: Able to move independently without issues
Nutrition/Hydration: Eating and drinking without concerns
Pain Management: Had Tylenol 1415 for headache (4/10), now pain-free (0/10)
What is included in the ‘Recommendation’ section of SBAR?
State the reason for calling (e.g., ‘I feel it would be best to continue to monitor Ms. Elliot until her 24-hour period is over, no symptoms emerge.’)
Ask for confirmation or further instructions from the provider
What type of research is the nurse performing on patient satisfaction using surveys with a 0–5 rating system?
A. Qualitative
B. Randomized controlled trial.
C. Quantitative
D. Correlational
A. Qualitative
How many teaspoons per dose will the nurse instruct the patient to take for dextromethorphan ordered at 60 mg po twice daily from a 148 mL bottle labeled ‘30 mg/5 mL’?
2 teaspoons per dose (Maybe LMAO)
Which nurse response best demonstrates the therapeutic communication technique of ‘clarifying’?
A.) I’m not sure I understand what you mean. Can you tell me more?
B) I understand this is difficult, but I think you should reconsider.
“I’m not sure I understand what you mean. Can you tell me more?”
Which of the following are true of nursing theories?
A.) Grand theories are very narrow in scope
B.) Practice theories are abstract and open to interpretation
C.) Nursing theories have little to do with bedside patient care
D.) Theories serve as the foundation for nursing care
D.) Theories serve as the foundation for nursing care.
A nurse researcher wants to investigate if a non-pharmacological pain treatment works better than the standard opioid. Which part of the PICOT question is the non-pharmacological pain treatment?
A.) Comparison
B.) Population
C.) Intervention
D.) Outcome
C.) Intervention
Which of the following is NOT true of dimensional analysis (DA)?
A.) DA can be used for any dosage calculation problem
B.) DA requires multiple equations
C.) DA utilizes critical thinking
D.) DA allows for early identification of setup errors
B.) DA requires multiple equations.
What’s missing in this citation?
Smith, B. A. (2022). Nursing students perceptions of exam
questions and critical thinking. Fake Journal of Nursing
Education, 38(7), 4-6.
A.) The journal editor’s name
B.) The journal volume number
C.) The DOI
D.) The date of publication
C.) The DOI
Which of the following would be considered unreliable research sources? (Select all that apply)
A.) An article found in a nursing database CINAHL
B.) An article found on Wikipedia
C.) A nursing vlog on YouTube
D.) An article found on PubMed
B.) An article found on Wikipedia
C.) A nursing vlog on YouTube.
A nurse wants to conduct a pilot study on the use of a new standardized bedside report tool in the hospital setting.
What is the best way to conduct this study?
A.) Enforce the use of the new tool on all units immediately
B.) Ask unit managers to give their opinions on the tool
C.) Choose one unit to introduce the now tool to and evaluate the outcome
B.) Make the tool available to everyone but tell them it’s not mandatory
B.) Ask unit managers to give their opinions on the tool
A patient tells the nurse he is frightened about his cancer diagnosis. Which response by the nurse will be most effective in getting the patient to discuss his concerns?
A.) It’s totally normal to be scared about having cancer.
B.) Tell me more about your fears.”
C.) Have you told your wife that you are scared
D.) Would you like me to call the chaplain for you?”
B.) Tell me more about your fears.
A nurse has assessed a newly admitted patient and determines that the patient has the following clinical problems: impaired mobility and acute pain. Using the nursing process, what would be the nurse’s next action?
A.) Assist the patient to ambulate in the hall twice dally
B.) Set goals based on the patients’ abilities and preferences
C.) Identify nursing diagnoses
B.) Set goals based on the patient’s abilities and preferences.
