Exam #1 Flashcards
Who wrote the federalist papers
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John jay
Who wrote the Albany Plan
Benjamin Franklin
Who wrote the constitution of New York
Leonard Gansevoort
Who wrote Thoughts on Government
John Adams
Who wrote The Bills of Right
James Madison
Who wrote The VA Plan
Randolph
Who wrote Federal Farmer
Richard Henry Lee and Melancton Smith
What was the Albany Plan about
- Treaty for land agreements
- Parliament holds taxing in trades and the king holds land desputes
- Now americans want to make choices and paralament declines then then taxes the british colonies
What is the deceleration of Independence
- Written in 1776
- 2 parts: Principles (life, liberty and persuit of happiness); Justification for the seperation
- Everyone have unalieanable rights such as L,L,PH
What were the constutions written in response too
Declaration of Independence
What are the 4 abuses in the DofI
- Injury to rule of law
- Use of improper force
- Parliamentary overreach
- Waged war against colonies
What is the right of Life
the right to live
what is the right of persuit of happiness
the right to live out lives as we see fit
what is the right of liberty
freedom from external force
When the articles failed what did they lead too
the constitution
What was the order of documents
Decleration- 1776
Articles- 1777
Constitution- 1787
What is James Madisons Thoughts on Government about
- He received letters from people asking for his advice on how to write a constitution. So he wrote this with his thoughts
- This helped to shape the foundation of American government
What were some things Madison told us to think about in the Thoughts on Gov
- Can achieve republic if aim for laws not men
- Seperation of Powers (with checks and balances)
- Distinctive branches - Bicameral legislative
What did the VA and NY Constitutions talk about
VA: Limit Votes
NY: Bicameral legislative (assembly and Senate)
What were the Articles of Confederation written for?
Written as framework for gov for newly indep US
What is self government
states are primary for education on their citizens
What did the articles allow
Independant and sovernt, wage war, they can make treaties, and declare/expand boarders
what is a confederacy
is a league/alliance of nations formed for certain ends.
What was the problem with the Articles of Confederation
They were so separate so they butted heads and Hamilton took charge to change it
Why did Hamilton make his plan
He only critized the NJ and VA and gave an extreme case so people would see VA is the best plan
What was the VA plan
-Legislative Power
- Bicameral system (2 chambers)
- 1st branch: term and qualifications to be determined by debate
- 2nd branch: Elected by 1st branch but nominated by state legislative
- Executive Power:
- Chosen by National Legislature, term-length to be debated–> ineligible for reelection
- Judiciary:
- Serve during good behavior
- Some kind of original and appellate jurisdiction
- Council of Revision
What was the NJ Plan
Legislative:
- Congress representing the several states
- Equal rep
Executive:
- Multiperson, removable by congress on application of state executives
Judiciary:
- 1 supreme tribunal appointed by executive, during good behavior
- Original jurisdiction only over impeachment
What were the new powers granted to Congress in the NJ Plan
- Raise revenue through duties/taxation
- Regulate trade and commerce between states and with other nations
- Contribution to general treasury now based on population
What was Hamilton’s Plan
Legislative:
- Bicameral system
1st branch: elected by the people for 3 year terms (assembly)
2nd branch: holding their offices for life, during good behavior, elected by the people (Senate)
Executive:
- Elected for life, via electors representing the people
Judiciary:
- Appointed for life
What is Fed #15 about
- The weaknesses of the Articles
- Lacks authority for states don’t take seriously
- Authority and Responsibility stay in the same hands
What is Fed 23 about
Authority
- Cant have A without R
- Powers to ensure national security and stability
- They need sufficient authority
what are factions as Madison describes in Fed 10
groups of citizens—either a majority or minority—who are united by common interests that may be harmful to the rights of others or the common good.
What is federalist #10 about
-Problem and danger of Factions
- Factions produce violence
- The larger a republic is the more difficult it is for corrupt factions to gain control
What was Brutus about
- Expressed concerns about the potential dangers of s strong centralized government
- Key argument is a a larger republic wouldnt represent the intrests of the people
What is the main idea of Madisons Letter to Jefferson
- Approval of the constitution
- Concerns about ratification
- Need for compromise (balance interests of small an large states)
What was the main idea of fed #51
- Seperation of powers and checks and balances to make sure branches don’t care more about themselves then others
- Speration of powers to make sure one branch doesn’t become too powerful
What are the three parts of seperation in fed 51
Seperation og function
Independance of salaries
Instutional jealously and protection
What is the function of congress in fed 51
pass laws that reflect peoples will
large since the people are represented at large and to slow down law making powers
What is the function of presidency in fed 51
executive control, can’t be divided
What is independace of salaries
need to be constant so that they don’t make decision pro congress based on a pay raise from congress.
What is institutional jealously and protection
checks and balances in support of the seperation of function
each branch gets power to cover their own terf
fed 41
focuses on the idea that the powers given to the federal government are necessary and appropriate for ensuring the security and well-being of the nation
defends the scope of powers
What is article 1 sections 1-7 about from the constution
- Structure of Congress
Allows for the fullest version of rep since congress has the most power - Frequent election to hold onto representation as well as taxation and frequent elections
What is article 1 section 8 about from the constution
lays out power of congress
securing the financial state and is entrusted with trade
What is the clause for at the end of section 8
grants congress the ability to make laws to allow powers to become real but they can’t expand their power
What is article 1 sections 9 and 10 about from the constution
9: Restrictions on congress
10: restirctions on states
What are congress restrictions from section 9
- Pause/delay of congressional power with salve trade
- Congress can’t misuse or abuse power and they cant strip the people of habeas corpus
- Cant give titles or money payments, and they cant tax the states
what are the restrictions on the states based on section 10
cant acti on general matter
cant provide own defense
states cant act in areas that are congress matters
if congress cant, then the states cant
how many people allowed in the House of reps
1 for every 30,000 capped at 435
how many people are allowed in senate
2 senators from each state
how is the house of reps elected
general election
chosen by people 2 years, whole house changes
how is the senate elected
direct election, chosen every 6 years (1/3 changed every 2 years)
What are the qualifications for house
25 yo
7 year residence
What are the qualifications for senate
30 yo
9 years citizen
act in state of residence
What is the houses role in legislation
regulate money bills, plans of taxation and increase revenue
what is the legislative role for the senate
lawmaking, modify bill
what is the houses role in impeachments
investigate wrongdoings sole power for impeachments
what is the senates role in impeachments
holds trials and has the sole power of impeachment
