exam 1

Question 1

what is the definition of animal breeding?

Answer 1

selecting sires and dams, assigning them to matings, and producing offspring

Question 2

what is the definition of breeding value?

Answer 2

the contribution of the animal’s genes to its progeny’s phenotype

the value of alleles that an individual transmits to its offspring

Question 3

what is the difference between breeding value and genetic value?

Answer 3

genetic value contributes to itself and breeding value contributes to its progeny

Question 4

Do steers have breeding value and genetic value?

Answer 4

no BV, has GV

Question 5

Does sperm have breeding value and genetic value?

Answer 5

no GV, has BV

Question 6

what is the definition of heredity?

Answer 6

the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

Question 7

what are the assumptions for hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 7

• random mating
• large populations
• equal fitness among genotypes
• equal fertility among genotypes
• equal gene frequencies between sexes
• no mutations have occurred
• there has been no mixture with another population

Question 8

what’s the definition of population?

Answer 8

the total of all individuals in a breed, species, or other such groupings, or as those individuals that inhabit a particular area (a group of animals that share a common characteristic)

Question 9

what is the first law of probability?

Answer 9

the probability of a single event that is one of a set of mutually exclusive events is the sum of the probabilities of the single events

Question 10

what is the definition of mutually exclusive?

Answer 10

the occurrence of one event in a given trial excludes the possibility of the occurrence of another event (if one thing happens, another cannot happen)

Question 11

what is the second rule of probability?

Answer 11

the probability of two or more of a series of independent events occurring together is the product of the probabilities of occurrence of the single events (the occurrence of one event does not exclude the event of another)

Question 12

what’s the equation for allele frequencies?

Answer 12

p + q = 1

Question 13

what’s the equation for genotype frequencies?

Answer 13

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 14

____________ + _____________ = _______________

Answer 14

genotype + environment = phenotype

Question 15

which direction does information flow in the production pyramid?

Answer 15

up the pyramid

Question 16

which direction do genes flow in the production pyramid?

Answer 16

genetic information flows down the pyramid

Question 17

where are individuals vs groups of animals represented on the population pyramid?

Answer 17

as you move down the pyramid, attention shifts from individual animals to group averages

Question 18

what is the definition of selection?

Answer 18

identifying those animals which have a high frequency of desired genes and can pass on those genes to offspring

Question 19

angus

Answer 19

british, maternal

Question 20

brahman

Answer 20

american, paternal

Question 21

brangus

Answer 21

american, dual

Question 22

charolais

Answer 22

exotic, paternal

Question 23

chianina

Answer 23

exotic, paternal

Question 24

hereford

Answer 24

british, maternal

Question 25

limousin

Answer 25

exotic, paternal

Question 26

red angus

Answer 26

british, maternal

Question 27

santa gertrudis

Answer 27

american, dual

Question 28

shorthorn

Answer 28

british, maternal

Question 29

simmental

Answer 29

exotic, dual

Question 30

what is the definition of mating systems?

Answer 30

involve how to best mate sires and dams, possessing “known” genetic potential, so that the resulting genotype of the offspring in combo with the phenotype of the dam (and to a small degree of the sire too, and a large degree the production environment) will produce an offspring of superior phenotype

Question 31

what’s the definition of equilibrium?

Answer 31

the balance of two or more alleles in a population at a given frequency for a long period of time

Question 32

what is the genotype of a black cow?

Answer 32

E? dd rr

Question 33

what is the genotype of a blue roan cow?

Answer 33

E? dd Rr

Question 34

what is the genotype of a smokey cow?

Answer 34

E? Dd rr

Question 35

what is the genotype of a cream w/ gray skin cow?

Answer 35

E? DD rr

Question 36

what is the genotype of a white (black base) cow?

Answer 36

E? dd RR

Question 37

what is the genotype of a red cow?

Answer 37

ee dd rr

Question 38

what is the genotype of a red roan cow?

Answer 38

ee dd Rr

Question 39

what is the genotype of a straw cow?

Answer 39

ee Dd rr

Question 40

what is the genotype of a white (red base) cow?

Answer 40

ee dd RR

Question 41

what is the genotype of a cream w/ tan skin cow?

Answer 41

ee DD rr

Question 42

what is expected progeny difference (EPD)?

Answer 42

the expected performance of the progeny of a parent expressed as a mean deviation (difference)

Question 43

EPD = ______________

Answer 43

1/2 breeding value