Exam 1 Flashcards
0
Q
of weeks since the last menstrual period?
A
Gestation
1
Q
Delivery prior to end of 20 weeks?
A
Abortion
2
Q
Normal duration of pregnancy from the 38th-41st week?
A
Term
3
Q
Delivery between 20th-37th week??
A
Preterm
4
Q
Delivery that occurs post 42nd week?
A
Post term
5
Q
The span of time between conception and birth?
A
Antepartum
6
Q
Span of time between onset of labor and delivery?
A
Intrapartum
7
Q
Span of time between birth and women’s prepregnancy state?
A
Postpartum
8
Q
Any pregnancy, regardless of gestation?
A
Gravida
9
Q
A women who has never been pregnant
A
Nulligravida
10
Q
A woman who’s been pregnant more than once?
A
Multigravida
11
Q
A woman who is pregnant for the first?
A
Primigravida
12
Q
A fetus born dead after 20 weeks gestation?
A
Stillborn
13
Q
Span of time between point of viability through the neonatal period?
A
Perinatal
14
Q
G? T? P? A? L?
A
Gravida Term Preterm Abortions Living
15
Q
True labor_________ the cervix.
A
Changes
16
Q
Which weeks are the 1st Trimester?
A
weeks 1-13
17
Q
False labor_______________ the cervix.
A
Does not change
18
Q
Which Weeks are the 2nd Trimester?
A
weeks 14-26
19
Q
Which weeks are the 3rd Trimester?
A
weeks 27-40
20
Q
If the top of the Fundus is at the umbilicus… How many Weeks gestation should the Pt be?
Where does the Fundus reach by Term?
A
Approx 20 Weeks
21
Q
This sign is signified by a softening of the lower uterine segment and occurs at approx 6 weeks.
A
Hegar Sign
22
Q
This is when the Fundal height drops as the fetus begins to decend and engage the pelvis; It occurs at 38-40 weeks.
A
Lightening
23
Q
These contractions are painless, irregular and occur throughout pregnancy beginning about the 28th week, but do NOT change the cervix.
What is thought to be the purpose?
A
Braxton Hicks
- Helps promote O2 delivery to fetus ad is thought to be a “Practice” contraction. Usually ceases w/ walking/exersize
24
_________Female Hormone is a Vasodialator as it Relaxes smooth muscle.
_________Female Hormone is responsable for increasing maternal Blood Volume.
- Progesterone
| - Estrogen
25
This sign is brought about by increased vascularity, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia which leads to a softening of the cervix.
Goodell's Sign
26
This sign is Characterized by a more frail/prone to bleed cervix w/a blueish color.
Chadwicks sign.
27
This is done 16-18 weeks gestation. The Dr gently taps the cervix and feels for the contents to float back down and "tap" his/her finger.
Ballottement
28
This Fetal movement or "feeling of life" starts around the 16th-20th week.
Quickening
29
___________ is a slightly grey/white discharge from the Vagina taht has a faint musty odor, and is completely normal.
Leukorhea
30
The __________ or mucus plug acts as a barrier to guard the placenta against infection.
Operculum
31
What are the effects of Estrogen/Progesterone on the Vagina and Vulva?
1. Vaginal mucosa to thicken
2. Connective tissue starts to loosen
3. Smooth muscle to hypertrophy
4. Vaginal vault starts to lengthen
5. Assist in the formation of the operculum
32
What are the effects of Estrogen/Progesterone on the Breasts?
- Fullness, Heightened sensitivity, tingling, and heaviness
- Increased pigmentation of the nipples and areola
- Nipples erect
- Hypertrophy of sebaceous glands
- Venous congestion/ Vascularization
33
During what Trimester does the maternal BP Change? How does it change? What about the 3rd Trimester?
- 2nd
- It Decreases d/t progesterone by 5-10mmHg
- Returns to normal in 3rd
34
What do tests typically use to identify a pregnancy?
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
35
During pregnancy the EBV increasses by_____%, or ______mL.
- 40-45%
| - 1500mL
36
Physiological anemia or _____________ can occur during pregnancy and is a _________ finding.
- Hemodilution
| - Normal
37
Dependant edema is ____, but edema in the face could be a S&S of _________.
- OK
| - Preeclampsia
38
What 2 things DO NOT revert postpartum??
- Striae Gravidarum (Stretch marks)
| - Increased Rib cage size
39
Normal Volume of bladder is 250-300mL's.
| In pregnant women this can increase upto ______mL's.
1500mL
40
Hyperpigmentation occurs and can lead to what??
-darker under arms, Nipples, and eyes (mask of pregnancy)
41
A Pigmented line at the mid-line that extends from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus.
Linea Nigra
42
In order to compensate for a heavier load in the front the maternal body compensates through the formation of a waddling gait and____________.
Lordosis (Curving of lower spine)
43
Increased Progesterone decreases tone/motility of smooth muscle including the stomach which can cause _______, and the GI which can lead to _________.
- Pyrosis (Heartburn)
| - Constipation
44
According to Ruben's Psychological changes of pregnancy, what should the 1st trimester entail?
Concern for self; "Sick or Pregnant"?
Q's about what must be Given up
Q's about if she can Give them up
Acceptance of self as pregnant
45
According to Ruben's Psychological changes of pregnancy, What should the 2nd Trimester entail?
Concern for Baby
Engages in self care activities
Learns delayed gratification
Attachment to baby;feels good/attributes it to baby
46
According to Ruben's Psychological changes of pregnancy, what should the 3rd trimester entail?
Concern for self AND baby
Q's about safety of labor
Becomes fearful of baby being taken
Develops fantasy image of baby
47
What is the Formula for determining the Due date?
Date of Last period -3 months +7 days= due date
48
What is the Dr's visit schedule?
- Once per month up to 26 weeks
- Every 2 Weeks at 27 weeks
- Every week at 37 weeks
49
During pregnancy, Limit caffine to________.
3 cups per day
50
________ is given if mother is suspected to have Rh- Blood.
Rhogan (Considered a Blood product)
51
One should refrain from becoming pregnant for 1 month after receiving the ________ Vaccine.
What ratio in the titer = immunity?
- Rubella
| - >1:8
52
In this test the Pt ingests 50g of Glucola; 1hr later shes tested if she's >140 she fails the test.
Does she need to be NPO prior to test??
- 1hr blood glucose test (O’Sullivan Test)
| - No
53
For a Normal Pregnant female... What should be her weight gain during pregnancy?
First Trimester: 2-4lbs gain
Second Trimester: 1lbs/wk gain
Third trimester: 1lbs/wk gain
54
3 S&S of preterm Labor?
➢ Uterine Activity/may be painless
➢ Any kind of Discomfort
➢ Change in Vaginal Discharge (PROM)
55
what can a mother be taught to do when preterm labor is suspected?
➢ Drink two or three glasses of water or juice (Dehydration?)
➢ Lie down on her left side for an hour
➢ If signs do not go away or if fluid begins to leak from vagina-call the doctor or clinic immediately
56
Medication catagory that help stop/slow preterm labor?
Tocolytics
57
________ is a Steroid that speeds up fetal lung maturity/Leads to Increased Surfactant in fetal lungs
Betamethasone
58
_________ Bronchodilator; Vasodilator and relaxes uterus.
Terbutaline
59
____________ Can Kill the Pt if OD’d; Relaxes Smooth Muscle.
Magnesium Sulfate
60
__________ Smooth muscle relaxant; can cause valvular problems in fetus.
Prostaglandin Synthetics-Motrin/naproxen
61
Test where mother indicates when HR goes up at the same time as Fetal activity goes up; r/t CNS activity
Non-Stress Test
62
A test that is Done the day an NST is non-reactive; Intentionally stresses Fetus.
Contraction Stress Test
63
This is Done on day of non-reactive NST; Tells if Fetus is Hypoxic; Determines next course of action it is often used in litigation.
Biophysical Profile
64
This can be done 35th wk and Determines Lung Maturity; determines if it can be delivered safely; >2 = baby can be born safely.
L/S Ratio
65
This procedure involves removal small portion of placental cells and studies are done on it. Done on High risk Pt.
Chorionic Villi Sampling
66
What are the 4 P's?
- Passenger: Fetus/Placenta
- Passageway: Birth Canal
- Powers: Primary (Involuntary) & Secondary Contractions
- Phsyche
67
___________ Is the relationship of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the mother. (Spine to Spine)
Lie
68
____________Relationship of the fetal body parts to each other. Characteristic posture (attitude) in utero-normally back rounded, chin flexed on chest, thighs flexed on abd., legs flexed at knees.
Attitude
69
___________Refers to part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads through the birth canal during labor at term
Presentation
70
_______________Is the relationship of the presenting part to the four quadrants of the mother’s pelvis.
Position
71
The position of the passenger during labor is stated using a 3 digit system. What do the 3 digits stand for?
- 1st letter indicates whether the occipital is facing Lft or Rt in comparison to the mothers pelvis.
- 2nd Letter indicates which part is presenting
- 3rd letter describes which way the occipital is rotated in the pelvis. Anterior/Posterior/Transverse.
72
___________Is the relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to an imaginary line drawn b/w the maternal ischial spines and is a measure of the degree of descent
- Station
| - Ischial Spines are 0. above is -. and + is below
73
__________Term used to indicate that the largest transverse diameter of the presenting part has passed through the maternal pelvic brim
Engagement
74
___________ are Involuntary uterine contractions; signal beginning of labor and are Responsible for effacement (Thinning of Cervix), dilation (Opening up of cervix) and descent (Station) of fetus
Primary Powers
75
________Voluntary bearing down (Pushing) effort of the pregnant woman during the force of the contraction once the cervix is fully dilated.
Secondary Powers
76
__________The time that elapses between the onset and the end of a contraction
Duration
77
___________beginning of the contraction to the beginning of the next contraction.
Frequency
78
____________the time interval between the end and the beginning of a contraction.
Resting Tone
79
____________The strength of the contraction at its peak. Mild, Moderate and firm.
Intensity
80
Stage of labor where mother exhibits Excited Behaviors, Talkative/Open to Instruction (Get forms filled out/teaching done), Pain managed well.
1st stage/Phase 1
81
Stage of labor where mother exhibits More Doubtful Behaviors, Desires companionship/ Encouragement, Has difficulty Following Directions.
1st stage/Phase 2
82
Stage of labor where mother exhibits More severe pain, Fear of Loss/Control, Irritable/Frustrated
1st Stage/Phase 3
83
Stage of labor where mother exhibits Sense of Relief/accomplishment
2nd Stage/Latent Phase
84
Stage of labor where mother exhibits Urge to Push, Grunts, frequent repositions, altered respiratory patterns.
2nd Stage/Decent Phase
85
Stage of labor where mother exhibits the Urge to push is greatly increased, Contractions close to one another, “Ring of Fire” (V is on fire: Stretching/Tearing of skin is occuring)
2nd Stage/Transition Phase
86
Stage of labor that spans from Birth of fetus until placenta is delivered
3rd Stage
87
Stage of labor that involves the First hour after delivery of placenta
4th Stage
88
A Deceleration where the fetal heart acceleration begins with the contraction.
Early Deceleration (Good)
89
A Deceleration where the fetal heart acceleration begins after the beginning or towards the peak of the contraction.
Late Deceleration (Bad)
90
A Deceleration where the fetal heart acceleration with no defining characteristics.
Variable (Has to do with Fetal Chord)
92
A test where speculum placed, clear fluid below cervix is swabbed and exposed to a litmus paper; fluid is Alkalitic; Determines whether PROM has started.
Nitrozine Test
92
This childbirth prep method Focuses on information/education about pregnancy
Dick-Read Method
93
Test where a glass slide swabbed with fluid from below cervix Amniotic and it crystalizes in a fern-like pattern; Determines whether PROM has started.
Ferns test
94
This childbirth prep method that is the Most widely known; Health insurance pas for it; focus point/breathing
Lamaze Method
95
This childbirth prep method where the Husband Coaches child birth; room is darkened, and environment is quiet.
Bradley Method
