Exam 1 Flashcards
What are Piaget 3 Periods of Cognitive Development
1 - Sensorimotor
Birth - 2 years
2 - Pre-operational
2-7 years
3 - concrete operations
7-11
4 - formal operations
11-adulthood
Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development
Infant - Trust vs Mistrust
Toddler - Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Preschool - Initiative vs Guilt
School Age - Industry vs. inferiority
Adolescence - Identity vs Role Confusion
Adulthood - Intimacy vs Isolation
Adulthood - Generatively vs. Stagnation
Gravida
of pregnancies (including current pregnancy)
Para
of completed pregnancies - past 20 weeks
GTPAL
Gravida
Term
PreTerm
Abortions/Miscarriages
Living Children
Stages of Labor
1 - onset of contractions until full dilation of the cervix
2 - full dilation 10cm to full effaced
3 - birth of fetus until delivery of the placenta
4 - 2 hour post delivery of the placenta
5 P’s of labor
Powers (contractions)
Passage (baby through birth canal)
Passenger (fetus and placenta)
Psychologic Responce
Position (referring to the mother)
effacement
thinning and shortening of the cervix
dilation
opening of the cervix
preferred pelvis shapes
gynecoid and anthropoid
bad pelvis shapes
android and platypodid
what is a vertex presentation
head is down and chin tucked towards body.
babys head is in a flexion position
preferred analgesic for children older than 6 months
Tylenol (acetaminophen) and Ibuprofen
allergic rhinitis
-inflammation of nasal mucosa
-often triggered by allergies
-clear discharge
- allergic salute - upwards rubbing of the nose
nasopharyngitis
common cold
-fever, restless can’t breathe
- DO NOT GIVE OTC cough and cold medications for children under 6
pharyngitis
sore throat
- not treated can lead to rheumatic fever
- if body produces too many antibodies can affect the heart valves
treatment
- gargling with warm saline sollution
- popsicles
tonsillitis
strep throat
- tonsils enlarged
- difficulty swallowing
- mouth breating - unpleasant odor
- petechia - tell tale sign
treatment
-gargle warm saline solution
popsicles
sinusitis
infection of the maxillary sinuses
- cold that does not improve after 10 days
-low grade fever
-nasal congestion
- purulent nasal discharge for 3 days or more
- cough worse when lying down
treatment
- anitbiotics
- moist heat
- saline nasal irrigation
croup
inspiratory stridor, harsh cough, hoarseness and varying degrees of respiratory distress
- sudden onset, harsh metallic barky cough - sounds like a seal
inspiratory stridor
treatment
- cool humid air may relieve mucosal swelling
epiglottitis
type of croup
- bacterial infection
life threatening and rapidly progressive that can cause complete airway blockage in a few hours
- child sittin gin tripod position
-DO NOT TAKE A LOOK AT THEIR THROAT UNTIL YOU ARE READY TO INTIBATE THEM
- high fever
treatment
- humidified oxygen
-keep child sitting up
Laryngotracheobronchitis LTB
o Larynx, trachea, bronchi
o Usual an upper respiratory infection first
o Kids wake up with a different cough
o Swelling in the vocal cords and trachea
o Can have nasal flaring and accessory muscle use
Acute Spasmodic Croup
have attacks then they are fine
child has a stridor in the middle of the night and they wake up fiine
Bronchitis
cough is the major sign
initially cough is nonproductive but can change to loose and productive
moist crackles and high pitched rhonchi
Bacterial Tracheitis
bacterial infection usually caused by a staph infection
looks similar to croup but doesn’t respond to treatment
thick secretions
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles
RSV is the causative agent
low grade fever
anorexia
tachypnea
thinorrhea
cough
treatmetn: cool humidified 02
pneumonia
inflammation of the lung parenchyma
RSV
isolation - gown mask, eye protection very contagious
signs of respiratory failure
grunting
head bobbing
tracheal tugging
tachycardia
tachypnea - most common sign
nasal flaring
retractions
normal stats for an infant
pulse - 80-150
resp - 25-55
BP 65-100 / 45-65
normal stats for 1-3
pulse 70-110
resp - 20-30
BP 90-105 / 55-70
normal stats for 3-6
pulse 65-110
resp 20-25
BP 95-110 / 60-75
normal stats for 6-12
pulse 60-95
resp 14-22
BP 100-120 / 60-75
normal state for 12+
pulse 55-85
resp 12-18
normal weight gain during the first trimester for pregnancy
1.1 - 4 lbs
normal weight gain during the second trimester of pregnancy
0.8 - 1lb weekly
embryonic period
3rd week until the 8th week after conception
fetal period
9 weeks until birth
vernix caseosa
protects the skin of the fetus from the amniotic fluid
EDD - Nagele’s Rule
take the first day of the women’s last menstrual period
subtract 3 calendar months and then add 7 days
what is amniotic fluid made up of
fetal urine and maternal blood cells
umbilical cord
two arteries and one vein
cushioned in wharton’s jelly
education about digoxin
20-30 min before feedings
do not mix with feeding
do not repeat dose if they vomit
report: fever, decreased urine output, vomiting
hold if infant heart rate is less than 90 or 70 in kids
kawasaki disease
mucocutaneous lyph node syndrome
acute, febrile illness involving generalized vasculities of unkonwn etiology
kawasaki disease manifestations
bilateral nonpurleunt conjuctivitis
changes in muccous membranes
swelling of hands and feet
rash
tachycardia
extreme irritability
rheumatic fever
acquired - most likely autoimmune
caused by group A strep
affects connective tissue of hte body
can cause long term damage to heart valves
