Exam 1 Flashcards
As of 2017, how many lineages and species of cats are there?
A) 7 lineages, 37 species
B) 7 lineages, 41 species
C) 8 lineages, 37 species
D) 8 lineages, 41 species
D
Match the year of cat domestication with the event:
3,700 years ago
2,000 years ago
9,500 years ago
3,600 years ago
Statuettes in Israel
Artwork in Egypt
Bones in Cyprus
Cat remains found in Germany
3,700 years ago - Statuettes in Israel
2,000 years ago - cat remains found in Germany
9,500 years ago - bones in Cyprus
3,600 years ago - artwork in Egypt
Which of the following subspecies of Wildcats (Felis silvestris) did domestic cats come from?
A) Felis silvestris silvestris
B) Felis silvestris lybica
C) Felis silvestris ornata
D) Felis silvestris cafra
B
Which of the following does not belong in the ocelot lineage?
A) Pampas Cat
B) Canada lynx
C) Kodkod
D) Margay
B
How did we learn about the origin of the cat?
A) Lots of great fossils
B) Complete sets of fossils
C) Advances in DNA studies
D) All of the above
C
Which of the 8 cat lineages has the most diverse group of cats in regard to size?
A) Caracal
B) Ocelot
C) Puma
D) Leopard Cat
C
How many domestic cats are found worldwide today?
A) 1.5 million cats
B) 400 million cats
C) 600 million cats
D) 200 billion cats
C
The domestic cat ancestor emerged ________
A) 10.8 MYA
B) 8.9 MYA
C) 6.2 MYA
D) 3.4 MYA
D
Match the description to the breed of the cat:
“Cat of the Dog World”
“Working breed/athletic”
“One of the easiest cats to handle”
“Only native longhaired American Breed”
Abyssinian
Maine Coon
Birman
American Shorthair
“Cat of the Dog World” - Abyssinian
“Working breed/athletic” - American Shorthair
“One of the easiest cats to handle” - Birman
“Only native longhaired American Breed” - Maine Coon
True or False: Each Cat Registry has a different number of breeds that they recognize, but they have the same breed standards and show rules.
False
The TICA recognizes how many cat breeds?
A) 25
B) 45
C) 73
D) 75
C
What breed of cat always has a short, dense silver tipped coat and green eyes?
A) Devon Rex
B) Ragdoll
C) Russian Blue
D) Siamese
C
What percentage of Scottish Fold kittens in a litter are born with folded ears?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
C
Which of the following cat breeds was almost lost during WWII and domestic shorthair crosses were used to revive the breed?
A) British Shorthair
B) American Shorthair
C) Bombay
D) Turkish Angora
A
True or False: The gene that makes the curly coat in the Cornish Rex is the exact same as the Devon Rex.
False
What cat is born with color points that are dark, but as the cat gets older and the coat matures, the body color becomes deeper and richer and eventually there is a very little difference between the points and rest of the body color?
A) Abyssinian
B) Burmese
C) Birman
D) Bombay
B
In order to differentiate a cat from a chicken, which genetic material is typically used?
A) Examination of a specific gene in the sex chromosome
B) Examination of a specific gene in the autosomes
C) Examination of a specific gene in the mitochondrial DNA
D) None of the above options are correct
C
The physical appearance of a cat is influenced by…
A) Various alleles
B) Various genetic mutations
C) The environment a cat lives in
D) All of the above
D
_____ is the activation of one of the two X chromosomes to prevent the over expression of genes in the sex chromosomes of females compared to males.
A) Canonization
B) Lyonization
C) Splice variants
D) Gene fragmentation
B
The color point mutation is the lack of _____ enzyme(s) in melanin production.
A) beta galoctosidase
B) melanophilin
C) hexosaminidase A and B
D) tyrosinase
D
What is an X-linked recessive disease in cats?
A) Poly cystic kidney disease
B) Muscular dystrophy
C) Gangliosidosis
D) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B
What is the reason why genetic tests can yield incorrect results?
A) Incomplete penetrance
B) Multiple genes can contribute to a phenotype
C) Redundancy in the genetic code
D) All of the above
D
Which cats have a higher predisposition of polycystic disease?
A) Persian
B) Norwegian Forest
C) Scottish fold
D) Bengal
A
Which agouti genotype(s) result in a solid color hair?
A) A/A and A/a
B) a/a
B
The costs to sequence the genome of a cat is approximately________.
A) $750
B) $1,500
C) $50,000
D) $100,000
A
True or False: There are genetic tests to screen for potential ancestry in a cat
True
The shoulder of the cat is ______ to the elbow, or that the elbow is ______ to the shoulder.
A) Ventral, dorsal
B) Dorsal, ventral
C) Caudal, cranial
D) Cranial, caudal
B
When thinking about an injury to a cat’s tail, if the injury was at the tip of the tail, you would say that it is a ______ injury to the tail.
A) Distal
B) Proximal
C) Rostral
D) Cranial
A
How many cervical and lumbar vertebra do felines have?
A) 7 and 13
B) 13 and 7
C) 7 and 7
D) 7 and 3
C
Match:
Attachment site that does not move
Muscle attachment site that moves
Joint angle that decreases
Joint angle that increases
Muscle origin
Muscle insertion
Flexion
Extension
Attachment site that does not move - muscle origin
Muscle attachment site that moves - muscle insertion
Joint angle that decreases - flexion
Joint angle that increases - extension
True or False: You should always do a rectal exam on a cat as part of your physical exam, regardless of their size and condition.
False
Which of the following is true about the heart?
A) The right side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the right side is thinner and doesn’t have as much muscle.
B) The right side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the rest of the body, so it has a lot of pressure and has a much thicker muscle.
C) The left side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the left side is thinner and doesn’t have as much muscle.
D) The left side of the heart deals with deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the rest of the body, so it has a lot of pressure and has a much thicker muscle.
A
True or False: Bony protuberances are attachment points for muscles and are good landmarks for palpation.
True
Up to what percent of hyperthyroid cats have a palpable thyroid goiter?
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 70%
D) 90%
D
Match the following symptoms to the toxicity or disease in cats:
Full body tremors, hypersalivation and swallowing frequently, aware of surroundings, ataxia
“SLUDGE-M” (Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI, emesis, miosis)
Weakness (little or a lot), loss of reflexes
Head tilt, abnormal motion in the eyes (nystagmus), dullness or stupor
Pyrethrin toxicity
Organophosphate toxicity
Coral snake envenoma
Vestibular syndrome
Full body tremors, hypersalivation and swallowing frequently, aware of surroundings, ataxia - Pyrethrin toxicity
“SLUDGE-M” (Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI, emesis, miosis) - Organophosphate toxicity
Weakness (little or a lot), loss of reflexes - Coral snake envenoma
Head tilt, abnormal motion in the eyes (nystagmus), dullness or stupor - vestibular syndrome
Which of the following could be a cause of a seizure?
A) Toxoplasma
B) Electrolyte abnormalities
C) Rabies
D) All of the above
D
Pyrethrin toxicity in cats can be caused by:
A) Giving cats large dog tick and flea medication
B) Cats getting into antifreeze and coolant.
C) From getting bit by a tick
D) All of the above
A
Which of the following correctly describes how the neurologic system functions?
A) The sensory receptors collect information from the body’s internal and external conditions and passes them on to the central nervous system for further processing by afferent neurons and nerves.
B) Integration is the processing of the many sensory signals that are passed in the central nervous system at any given time and takes place in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, performed by interneurons.
C) Efferent neurons are also called motor neurons and carry signals from the gray matter of the central nervous system through the nerves of the peripheral nervous system to effector cells.
D) All of the above.
D
Which of the following is true about the Peripheral nervous system?
A) Primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is acetylcholine.
B) The function of the sympathetic system is the “rest or digest”.
C) The sympathetic nervous system is the involuntary contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle.
D) All of the above
A
If a cat is on the floor preparing to jump up onto the couch, this act would come from which of the following?
A) Somatic nervous system
B) Autonomic nervous system
C) Parasympathetic nervous system
D) Sympathetic nervous system
A
Which of the following causes a lower motor neuron, neuromuscular disease in cats?
A) Pyrethrin toxicity
B) Coral snake envenomation
C) Ethylene glycol
D) Narcotic/recreational drugs
B
Which of the following could help you distinguish whether a cat has had a seizure or not?
A) Length of the episode.
B) Visuals – body contractions, hypersalivation, urination, etc.
C) Behavior observations before and after (pre and post-ictal).
D) All of the above.
D
Which of the following is correct about cat nutrition?
A) The age/life stage of a cat is not a concern when deciding which food a cat should have
B) A good cat food is one that has been formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by AAFCO
C) A cat food diet should be a complete diet, but not necessarily a balanced one.
D) All of the above
B
Match the following parasites in cats according to if they are zoonotic or non-zoonotic:
Hookworms
Roundworms
Tapeworms
Heartworms
Zoonotic or Non-zoonotic
Hookworms - Zoonotic
Roundworms - Zoonotic
Tapeworms - Non-zoonotic
Heartworms - Non-zoonotic
What is true about feline parasites?
A) Cat patients usually mount an immune response to heartworms, but this severe immune response can cause further problems with their lungs (heartworm-associated respiratory disease)
B) Arthropods don’t generally cause disease, but they do carry diseases
C) When a cat licks/grooms themselves, if they ingest a flea, they can get infected with tapeworms.
D) All of the above
D
Match the parasite prevention to oral or topical and the protection it provides:
Bravecto Plus
Interceptor
Revolution
Credelio
Topical/Fleas, Ticks, & Heartworm
Oral/Heartworm
Topical/Heartworm and Fleas
Oral/Fleas
Bravecto Plus - Topical/Fleas, Ticks, & Heartworm
Interceptor - Oral/Heartworm
Revolution - Topical/Heartworm and Fleas
Credelio - Oral/Fleas
Match the following vaccines to their corresponding information:
Rabies
FVRCP
FeLV
FIV
Vaccination against several virsus and given to kittens every 2-4 weeks while they are nursing
Currently no vaccine for this virus in the US
Core vaccine for kittens but can be given to adults if at risk of exposure
Required by law in the state of Florida and is 100% fatal once clinical signs appear
Rabies - Required by law in the state of Florida and is 100% fatal once clinical signs appear
FVRCP - Vaccination against several viruses and given to kittens every 2-4 weeks while they are nursing
FeLV - Core vaccine for kittens but can be given to adults if at risk of exposure
FIV - Currently no vaccine for this virus in the US
Which of the following statements is correct about feline vaccinations?
A) The FVRCP vaccine is very important because there aren’t specific drugs or antibiotics to fight viruses in cats and therefore treatment is limited to supportive care
B) Lifestyle vaccines should be given to all cats regardless because the targeted diseases are common, can cause significant illness and death, and are generally highly contagious
C) Cats that test positive for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) should be euthanized as soon as a positive test has been determined
D) There is a vaccination to treat feline Heartworms
A
Which of the following are the two most common medical conditions to cats?
A) Arthritis and dental disease
B) Obesity and arthritis
C) Obesity and dental disease
D) Hyperthyroidism and stress/anxiety
C
Which of the following should you remember to do when performing a physical exam on a cat?
A) There are several places you need to check for swollen lymph nodes on a cat, which can be a sign of disease
B) If a cat comes in for the appointment with a specific issue (i.e. mass), you should still complete a full physical exam
C) You only need to run blood work every other year or so (unless there is a problem) until a cat reaches 6-7 years old, then you should conduct bloodwork at every yearly checkup and more frequently if needed
D) All of the above
D
Which of the following is true about tooth problems in cats?
A) Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva/gum tissue that surrounds the teeth, but nothing needs to be done unless the cat is showing signs of pain or isn’t eating
B) Most of a cat’s tooth is found below the gumline and therefore a radiograph is recommended to check for dental disease below the gumline and to assess bone loss/decay
C) You can extract multiple teeth from a cat, but they will often have difficulty eating
D) All of the above
B
A function of the liver includes:
A) Synthesis of plasma protein
B) Maintains blood sugar
C) Produces bile
D) All of the above
D
The transamination reactions transfers an ______ to a _______.
A) keto acid, amino group
B) amino group, keto acid
C) carboxyl group, amino acid
D) amino acid, carboxyl group
B
In (the)_____, keto acids are formed and ammonia
A) oxidative deamination
B) krebs cycle
C) urea cycle
D) transamination
A
Which is more toxic, ammonia or urea?
A) Ammonia
B) Urea
C) Both are equally toxic
D) None of the above
A
There are ____essential amino acids in humans
A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
B
During transanimation reactions,______ is produced
A) citrate
B) ornithine
C) pyruvate
D) arginosuccinate
C
Which molecule is an amino acid?
A) Citrulline
B) Arginine
C) Arginosuccinate
D) All of the above
D
Cats that have a portosystemic shunt exhibit which characteristic?
A) Vomiting
B) Poor weight gain
C) Seizures
D) It can be some of the above or all of the above depending on the cat
D
What is the vein called that flows to the liver, and sometimes can be shunted in cats?
A) Vena cava
B) Portal vein
C) Azygos vein
D) Systemic vein
B
Which of the following is true about interventional radiology?
A) These procedures are less invasive than historical procedures.
B) It started to take off in the last 20-30 years.
C) Companies have started to develop technologically advanced devices and imaging modalities that make it possible.
D) All of the above.
D
What is the purpose of interventional embolization with a device like a percutaneous coil embolization?
A) To extract the portosystemic shunt from the cat.
B) To allow partial and/or gradual attenuation of blood flow to the deprived liver.
C) To divert the blood flow away from the liver and into the rest of the systemic circulation.
D) All of the above.
B
The median survival rates for partial ligation (PL) were:
A) <2 years
B) ~3-4 years
C) ~6 years
D) ~10 years
B
If you ______ the portal pressure too much by plugging it up with coils, you can create a condition called acute portal hypertension, which is a _______ condition.
A) Lower, lethal
B) Lower, minor
C) Raise, lethal
D) Raise, minor
C
Cats that have portosystemic shunts always have _____________ colored irises.
A) Blue
B) Green
C) Copper
D) Black
C
What is true about the blood flow that you will see in the final angiogram?
A) There should be very little blood flow right after placing the coil.
B) There should always be a lot of blood flow after you place the coil.
C) There is typically very little blood flow initially, but it will increase dramatically after a few months as the coil mass generates a mature clot.
D) There is typically a lot of blood flow initially, but it will decrease dramatically after a few months as the coil mass generates a mature clot.
D
Which of the following is true about Lucy’s recovery?
A) She woke up like nothing happened.
B) She was discharged in 2 days with no post-operative complications.
C) At 10 months she had normal blood work.
D) All of the above.
D
Why is contrast used during percutaneous coil embolization?
A) It makes everything more lubricated during the procedure.
B) It allows us to see how the blood flows within the vessels.
C) To reduce the risk of nephropathy.
D) To block the blood flow from the systemic circulation and direct it to the liver.
B
Why are there a lot of challenges and considerations using percutaneous transvenous coil embolization technology in cats?
A) Because they are so small.
B) Because there isn’t any way to safely complete the procedure in cats.
C) Because they won’t sit still during the procedure.
D) All of the above.
A
