Exam 1

Question 1

Steps in the Scientific Method

Answer 1

1. Observation
2. Question
3. Hypothesis
4. Experimentation
5. Data collection and Analysis
6. Conclusion
7. Peer Review and Replication

Question 2

Purpose of the Scientific Method

Answer 2

Ensures reliability and minimizes bias in scientific discoveries

Question 3

Independent Variable

Answer 3

The factor that is intentionally changed

Question 4

Dependent Variable

Answer 4

The factor being measured in response

Question 5

Controlled Variables

Answer 5

Factors kept constant to ensure valid results

Question 6

Double Blind Experiment

Answer 6

An experiment in which neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the treatment or placebo. Eliminates bias and ensures objective results

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

Energy storage & structural components (e.g., glucose, starch).

Question 8

Lipids

Answer 8

Long-term energy storage, membrane formation (e.g., fats, phospholipids).

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

Enzymes, structural roles, transport, signaling (e.g., hemoglobin, collagen).

Question 11

Nucleic acids

Answer 11

Genetic information storage & transmission (e.g., DNA, RNA).

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 13

DNA

Answer 13

Double Stranded, stores genetic information, Blueprint for life found in the nucleus

Question 14

RNA

Answer 14

Single Stranded, Helps synthesize proteins, Messenger and regulator in protein synthesis

Question 15

Structure of Water

Answer 15

2 hydrogen atoms, one oxygen atoms, H20

Question 16

Function of Water in the body

Answer 16

Universal solvent (dissolves nutrients & waste).

Regulates body temperature.

Provides lubrication (e.g., joints, eyes).

Involved in chemical reactions (e.g., hydrolysis).

Question 17

Polarity

Answer 17

Allows water to dissolve many substances.

Question 18

Cohesion & Adhesion

Answer 18

Enables capillary action in plants.

Question 19

High Specific Heat

Answer 19

Stabilizes temperatures in organisms and ecosystems

Question 20

Ice Density

Answer 20

Ice floats, insulating aquatic life in winter.

Question 21

Solvent Properties

Answer 21

Essential for cellular functions.

Question 22

Protons

Answer 22

Positively charged, found in the nucleus.

Question 23

Neutrons

Answer 23

Neutral Charge, found in nucleus

Question 24

Electrons

Answer 24

Negatively charged, orbit the nucleus

Question 25

Papain

Answer 25

help break proteins down into smaller protein fragments called peptides and amino acids

Question 26

Amylase

Answer 26

Helps break down starches into sugars. Can be found in saliva.

Question 27

What does benedict's solution test for

Answer 27

used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in a solution

Question 28

Gelatin

Answer 28

a protein made from the partial hydrolysis of collagen

Question 29

Peptide bonds

Answer 29

formed during protein synthesis in ribosomes. The actual peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids

Question 30

Denaturation

Answer 30

process of breaking many of the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, that give proteins their highly ordered structure when they are in their native, natural state.