Exam 1 Flashcards
Simple eyes
Crude images
Spinnerets
Building webs, wrapping prey, making egg sacs
Pedipalps
Touch, taste
Chelicerae
Fangs, bite prey, inject venom
Cephalothorax
Contains the eyes, mouth, and legs. Jointed by abdomen
Book lungs
Gas exchange between hemolymph and air, located in abdomen of an insect
Abdomen
AIDS in flight control and respiration
Body plan of Opiliones
2 simple eyes, very long legs, no spinnerets, segmented abdomen, cephalothorax and abdomen are broadly jointed together
Labrum
Upper lip, roof of mouth
Labium
Lower lip, base of mouth
Mandibles
Move side to side, teeth for chewing and breaking down food
Hypopharynx
Tongue like structure for manipulating food
Maxillae
Inner lacinia and galea from manipulating food, palp for tasting
What type of circulatory system do insects have?
Open
What fluid circulates through the body cavity and tissues of insects
Hemolymph
What is the name of the tubular structure that pumps hemolymph in insects?
Medial dorsal aorta
What feature of the insect circulatory system allows for later exchange?
Ostia (openings in the aorta)
Which way does the lateral openings push the hemolymph?
Forward and posteriorly (from hind to heart)
Hemolymph has what type of cells?
Phagocytic cells
What does hemolymph not carry?
O2
Respiratory system has what spiracles?
Paired
Where are the spiracles located?
Thoracic
What do the abdominal segments do?
Let air in and out
What are the functions of the air sacs?
Help ventilate the trachea
Where does the air go?
Through spiracles that supply tissues with O2 and carry off O2
Stemmata
1 rabdom and 1 corneal lens.
Ocelli
Several rhabdoms, crude and unfocused images
Compound eyes
Ommatidia, mosaic vision, pigment cells
Egg
Contains embryo on one side of the yolk
Larvae
Wing pads develop internally, feeds voraciously
Pupa
Many larval tissue are removed, adult structures develop from imaginable disks
Adult
Winged, sexually mature form emerges from the pupa. Often eats different food than larva
What controls the molt?
JH and ecdysone ration along with diapause
- aestivation: dry, hot diapause
-hibernation: cold diapause
What are HOX genes and proteins?
HOX genes are found on chromosome 3 and they regulate the development of regions like segments with homeobox, a DNA sequence that encodes the homeodomain protein. This protein helps ensure that tissue and organs develop in the correct location and form.
What is parthenogenesis?
Form of asexual reproduction
What is an advantage to parthenogenesis?
Rapid reproduction, no need for energy expenditure, and favorable genetic traits
Disadvantages of parthenogenesis?
Lack of genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, and limited ability to adapt to environmental changes
What is taxis?
Direct movement towards or away from stimulus
What is kinesis?
Turning less frequently when more stimulated
When less stimulated, they have more frequency
What unique features are found in the sub-phylum crustacea?
Swimmerets, carapace, two pair of antennae, mandibles, forked appendages
What characteristics are shared by all arthropods?
Chitin, exoskeleton, segmentation of the body/ appendages
Function of trichoid sensilla
Allow insects to sense their surroundings
Function of the chordotonal organs
Function as mechanoreceptors, detects mechanical stimuli such as vibrations, sound waives, or body movements
Function of the multiporous sensilla
Sensilla is characterized by having multiple pores on the surface, which allow them to detect a variety of chemical and mechanical stimuli
Function of tympanal organs
Mechanoreceptors for sound detection
What kind of pheromones are used by pine beetles?
Aggression and spacing hormone
What are pheromones?
Communication within one species
What are allomones
Communication with other species
