Exam #1 Flashcards
Chapters 1-5
What is the life expectancy in the US currently?
79 years old
Historically hospitals were…
unsanitary, viewed as a place where people who were poor went to die, no understanding of relationship between microorganisms that can cause disease and health.
What is the Biomedical Model?
States that all diseases and disorders can be explained by disturbances in the physical body / physiological processes. Little attention paid to social or psychological processes and how they influence health.
What are “risk factors”
things that increase vulnerability to negative outcomes.
ex: little exercise is a risk factor for heart disease
What are “protective factors” ?
things that reduce vulnerability and protect from negative outcomes
ex: strong social support is a protective factor against depression.
What are some common risk factors linked to poor health outcomes?
Not getting enough sleep, having a poor diet, obesity, smoking, not exercising, alcohol and drug use
What personality types can put as at greater risk?
anger, hostility, depression, anxiety, pessimism
What is the Biopsychosocial Perspective?
Expands upon the previous biomedical model by including both psychological and social factors.
What is the Systems Theory?
attempts to understand the nature of the universe by examining various systems. Systems all influence one another. Often used in conjunction with other theories.
What is the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
Cross-Sectional: data collection occurs at one point in time
Longitudinal: subjects are followed over time, with data collection occurring at predetermined intervals.
Definition of Mortality
the state of being subject to death
Definition of Morbidity
having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a population.
Definition of Prevalence
the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.
Definition of Incidence
A measure of the number of new cases of a characteristic that develop in a population in a specified time period.
Key Points of the Digestive System
- breaks down what we ingest into chemicals
- begins at mouth and ends at rectum
- mechanical vs. chemical digestion
What is peristalsis?
wavelike muscle contractions that push food to stomach
What is Metabolism?
refers to all chemical reactions that occur within cells of the body.
What are the key points of the respiratory system?
- air pathway through our body
- sneeze, cough, mucus is protection
What are the key points of the cardiovascular system?
- transport various substances throughout the body
- heart is a muscle that circulates blood
- arteries, veins, capillaries
What is Blood Volume?
total amount of blood circulating in our system. the greater the volume, the higher the pressure needed to move it.
What is Cardiac Output?
Volume of fluid (blood) being pumped per minute. Blood pressure increases as the output rises.
What is Peripheral Resistance?
difficulty that fluids encounter when passing through narrow openings. Arteries vary in diameter–smaller diameter arteries cause greater resistance, which is associated with greater blood pressure.
What is elasticity?
ease of expanding and contracting of blood vessels. When blood vessels become less elastic / more rigid, blood pressure rises.
What is viscosity?
thickness of the fluid. Thicker blood flows less easily than thinner blood, requiring more pressure to circulate.
