Exam 1 Flashcards
Successive approximations are behavioral _____ or _____, each of which more closely resembles the specified terminal behavior.
elements, subsets
Reinforcing only responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion and all others on extinction is ______ ______.
differential reinforcement
Differential reinforcement is reinforcing selected occasions of behavior as opposed to other _____.
topographies
A sequence of responses that each function as a conditioned reinforcer and as a discriminative stimulus is a ____ ____.
behavior chain
A behavior chain is a sequence of related behaviors, each of which provides the ____ for the next, and the last producers a _____.
cue, reinforcer
In shaping, the sounds “c” and “ca” are ________ ________ to saying the word “car.”
successive approximations
Making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich is an example of a ____ ____.
behavior chain
_________ responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion and putting all other on ____________is differential reinforcement.
reinforcing, extinction
____ is matching the behavior of a model.
imitation
The therapist was reinforcing the sound “c” but now only reinforces “ca” and “c” is put on extinction. This is _____ _____.
differential reinforcement
Imitative behavior must _____ follow the model.
immediately
____________ is teaching new behaviors by differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward that behavior objective.
shaping
__________ is when a therapist is differentially reinforcing closer responses to Nia saying the word “fan.”
Shaping
Imitative behavior has ____ ____ with a modeling response.
formal similarity
Each gradual change of a behavior as it
increasingly approaches its intended topography is a ____ ____.
successive approximation
Imitation is a ________ response that could only occur by observing a model.
novel
Shaping uses ____ _____ to produce a series of
gradually changing approximations toward a terminal behavior.
differential reinforcement
Shaping is ___________ of closer ________ to the final performance.
reinforcement - approximations
The sequence of new response classes that
emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement are _____
____.
successive approximations
In a limited hold, a response must occur within a specific span of _________ after an interval is finished for ____________.
time, reinforcement
A ____ _____ is a complex behavior consisting of two or more responses in a definite order.
behavior chain
After a six minute interval is complete, reinforcement is only available if a response occurs in two minutes. This is a _____ _____.
limited hold
A situation in which reinforcement is available only during a finite time following the elapse of a FI or VI interval is a _____ _____.
limited hold
The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units is a _____ _____.
task analysis
A _____ _____ is breaking down a complex skill into component behaviors.
behavior chain
Breaking tooth brushing into component behaviors is a _____
_____.
task analysis
A limited hold is the termination of the availability of a reinforcer if the response to be reinforced does not occur within a _____ _____.
specified time
An analysis of complex behavior and sequences of behavior into ______ _____ is a task analysis.
component, responses
In a ____-_____ DRO schedule reinforcement is a delivered if the target behavior is not occurring at the end of a fixed amount of time.
fixed, momentary
In a DRH, reinforcement is contingent on the ____ of
responses in a period of time ____ a criterion
number, exceeding
Nia gets access to a preferred item if her rate of hand raising is above two per period. This is a ______ ______________ procedure.
(DRH) differential reinforcement of high rates
A ____ _____ _____ is a schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered when the target behavior does not occur during or at specific time.
DRO (differential reinforcement of other behavior)
The therapist only reinforces hands on desk behavior, which is incompatible with nose picking. This is a ____ _____ _____ procedure.
DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)
A DRO schedule can be fixed-_____, fixed-interval, _____-interval or variable-momentary
momentary, variable
In a ______-______ DRO schedule reinforcement is delivered if the target behavior has not occurred during a fixed amount of time.
fixed interval
Resistance to extinction is the amount of time a response will be
repeated after it is no longer _____.
reinforced
A DRA procedure reinforces _____ behavior while ____ reinforcement for the unwanted response.
alternative, withholding
Extinction is breaking the contingency between an ____ and ____ resulting in a declining frequency.
operant, consequence
A DRO schedule produces reinforcement after an established ____ interval has passed without the target ____ occurring.
time, behavior
A reinforcement procedure where the alternative behavior cannot be emitted simultaneously with the unwanted behavior is a ____ _____ _____.
DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)
An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented is called an _____ _____.
extinction burst
An extinction burst is a ____ burst of ___ when an extinction procedure is first implemented.
rapid, responses
A schedule that provides reinforcement an average of every
six responses is a _____ _____.
variable ratio
A DRO is _____ of ____ in which reinforcement is delivered when the target behavior does not occur during or at a specific time.
schedule, reinforcement
A DRI is the procedure of reinforcing a behavior that is ____
with the target behavior.
incompatible
Resistance to extinction is the perseverance of operant behavior
when placed on _____.
extinction
The relative frequency with which operant behavior is emitted during extinction is _____ ______ _____.
resistance to extinction
Extinction is _____ of reinforcement of a _______reinforced behavior.
discontinuation, previously
Discontinuation of reinforcement of a target behavior resulting in a diminishing rate is ____.
extinction
Variable ratio schedules produce _____ _____ rates of response.
consistent steady
A DRI schedule is when reinforcement is ____ for a behavior that is topographically incompatible and ____ following instanced of the problem behavior.
delivered, withheld
A ______ _______ schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer.
variable ratio
With a variable ratio schedule, ______ rates of response are
expected.
quick
Nia’s therapist no longer follows her screaming behavior with attention, resulting in declining frequency of screaming responses. This is _____.
extinction
An extinction burst is a _____ _____ increase in the rate of previously reinforces responses following extinction.
predictable temporary
Nia’s therapist implemented an extinction procedure and her hitting behavior increased by 200% for one session. This is likely an _____ _____.
extinction burst
Variable interval schedules produce ______, _____ rates of response.
constant, stable
A schedule that provides reinforcement an average of every six minutes is a ______ ______.
variable interval
A schedule that provides reinforcement every six minutes is a ____ ______.
fixed interval
With a fixed ratio schedule, a ______ _____ follows reinforcement.
post-reinforcement pause
A schedule that provides reinforcement every six responses is a
_______ ______.
fixed ratio
With a fixed interval schedule, _______ to ______ rates of response are expected.
slow, moderate
A _______ ________ schedule provides reinforcement for the first response following a variable duration of time.
variable interval
With a variable interval schedule, ______ to _____ rates of response are expected.
low, moderate
A ______ ______ schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a set number of responses to produce a reinforcer.
fixed ratio
With a fixed ratio schedule, _____ rates of response are expected.
quick
A ______ ______ schedule provides reinforcement for the first response following a variable duration of time.
variable interval
In a DRL, reinforcement is contingent on the ____ of responses in a period of time not ____ a criterion.
number, exceeding
In a _____ ______ _____reinforcement is delivered for rates of responding above a specified predetermined criterion.
DRH (differential reinforcement of high rates)
In a DRL schedule, reinforcement follows each response that is separates from the previous by a minimum _______ _______ ______.
IRT Inter Response Time
In a DRA, the undesired behavior places on _____, and an alternative behavior ______.
Extinction, reinforced
In a ______ _______ ______ reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is a desirable alternative and withheld following instances of the problem behavior.
DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior)
In a DRH procedure, behavior is reinforced if it occurs _______ a period of time since its last occurrence.
before
A fixed interval schedule produces a __________ during the early part of the interval.
post-reinforcement pause
Nia’s interrupting behavior persisted when placed on extinction, suggesting a _______ _______ _______.
resistance to extinction
Nia gets access to a preferred item if her rate of hitting is below two per hour. This is a _____ ______ _____ procedure.
DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates)
In a ______ ______ ______ schedule, behavior is reinforced if it occurs following a period of time since its last occurrence.
DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates)
The therapist only reinforces hand-raising which is more desirable to calling out. This is a _____ ____ _____ procedure.
DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior)
