EXAM 1 Flashcards
Deviance
Unusual behaviors that go against what most people consider normal.
Distress
Feeling deep emotional pain or discomfort.
Dysfunction
Struggling to do everyday tasks.
Danger
(Less common) Being a risk to yourself or others.
Ancient Views (Stone Age) & Treatments
Possession evil spirits
Trephination (drilling holes in skull) & exorcism
Greek & Roman Views (500 BCE - 500 CE)
hippocrates: Believed mental disorders had natural causes (four humors theory).
Treatments: Diet, exercise, celibacy, bloodletting.
Renaissance (1400 - 1700 CE)
Decrease in supernatural beliefs, increase in scientific methods.
Johann Weyer: First mental health physician.
Development of asylums.
19th Century: Reform & Moral Treatment
Pinel (France) & Tuke (England): Advocated humane treatments.
Rush & Dix (U.S.): Promoted moral treatment, though movement later declined. reword
20th Century: Two Main Perspectives
Somatogenic Perspective: Mental disorders have physical causes (e.g., brain pathology, genetics).
Psychogenic Perspective: Psychological causes (e.g., Freud’s psychoanalysis, hypnosis).
Biological Model:
Mental disorders arise from malfunction brain structures and
Treatments: Medications, brain stimulation, surgery
Psychodynamic Model:
Mental disorders are caused by hidden conflicts in the mind (Id, Ego, Superego).
Treatments: Therapy exploring thoughts, dreams, and past experiences.
Cognitive-Behavioral Model:
Focuses on unhealthy thoughts and behaviors.
Treatments: Changing negative thinking and behavior through learning techniques.
Humanistic-Existential Model:
Emphasizes personal growth and finding meaning in life.
Treatments: Supportive, person-focused therapy.
Sociocultural Model:
Mental health is shaped by culture, society, and environment.
Treatments: Family therapy, therapy that respects cultural differences.
Psychopathology
Scientific study of mental disorders, including explanations, causes, progression, symptoms, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.
What is Abnormal?
(terminology shift & cultural and societal influence)
“Abnormal psychology” is now seen as pejorative, leading to renaming efforts
Definitions of abnormality change over time and vary across cultures.
Norms:
Defined by cultural expectations.
Cultural Humility:
The need for self-reflection and awareness in psychological research and treatment.
Eccentricity vs. Psychopathology:
Some behaviors may be unusual but not indicative of a disorder.
Biological Model:
Mental disorders arise from malfunctioning brain structures, neurotransmitters, and genetic factors.
treatments: Psychotropic drugs, brain stimulation, and psychosurgery.
Psychodynamic Model:
Mental disorders stem from unconsious conflicts
treatments: Psychoanalysis, free association, dream interpretation.
Cognitive-Behavioral Model:
Negative thoughts and learned behaviors cause problems.
treatment: Changing thoughts and behaviors through therapy.
Humanistic Model:
People struggle when they are not living true to themselves.
treatment: Encouraging self-growth and acceptance.
Sociocultural Model:
Social and cultural influences impact mental health.
family therapy and multicultural therapy
DSM-5-TR
A guide used by professionals to classify mental disorders.
Uses categorical (specific disorder names) and dimensional (severity level) information.
Helps ensure consistency in diagnoses.
Clinical Assessment:
Gather information about symptoms, history, and lifestyle
Clinical interview types:
structured: Set list of questions.
Unstructured: Open conversation.
Semi-structured: Mix of both.
Common Topics: (for clinical assessment)
Current issues and symptoms.
Medical and mental health history.
Social and family background.
Strengths and coping strategies.
Uncover hidden thoughts using pictures or sentences
Projective Tests
Measure traits
Personality Tests
Focus on specific issues like anxiety or depression.
Response Inventories
Assess brain function and cognitive skills.
Neuropsychological Tests:
