Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the term for an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood?
Dyslipidemia
Dyslipidemia can include elevated or low levels of various lipids in the bloodstream.
Dyslipidemia is defined by elevated levels of _____
- total cholesterol
- low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
- triglycerides (TG)
These elevated levels can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
What is the optimal range for LDL?
Less than 100 mg/dL
Optimal LDL levels are crucial for reducing heart disease risk.
Dyslipidemia is defined by low levels of _____
low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Low HDL levels are also associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
What is the recommended range for HDL’s in men?
> 40 mg/dL
Higher levels of HDL are generally associated with lower risk of heart disease.
What is the recommended range for HDL’s in women?
> 50 mg/dL
Women typically have higher HDL levels than men, which is protective against heart disease.
__________ is a type of fat (lipid) found in the blood.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are formed from excess calories and are stored in fat cells.
What is the normal range for triglycerides?
< 150 mg/dL
Elevated triglyceride levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
What is the desirable range for total cholesterol?
< 200 mg/dL
Total cholesterol levels help assess overall lipid health.
What is the normal range for fasting glucose (sugar)?
70-99 mg/dL
Monitoring fasting glucose is important for diabetes management.
What is the purpose of comparing data obtained from measurements?
To facilitate evaluation and interpretation
Measurements need a reference point to determine their significance.
What are the two types of standards used for evaluation and interpretation?
- Norm-referenced standard
- Criterion-referenced standard
These standards help in judging the quality of measurements.
What does a norm-referenced standard involve?
Measurements are compared to the performance of others (i.e., norms)
This helps in making an evaluation based on comparative performance.
What can norms in exercise science be developed for?
- National
- Team
- Position
- Ages
- Injured or uninjured groups
Norms can be tailored to various demographics for accurate evaluation.
If a student is at the 70th percentile for vertical jump, what does this mean?
She performed better than 70% of girls her age
Percentiles indicate relative performance compared to a norm group.
What does a criterion-referenced standard involve?
Measurements are compared to a predetermined standard or criterion
This allows for evaluation based on set benchmarks rather than relative performance.
What is an example of a criterion-referenced standard in fitness?
A 12-year-old girl must perform 7 or more push-ups to reach the Healthy Fitness Zone
This standard is part of the Fitness Gram assessment.
Fill in the blank: Norm-referenced standards use _______ to judge quality.
[performance of others]
Fill in the blank: Criterion-referenced standards compare measurements to a _______.
[predetermined standard]
What is Ankle Edema?
Swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body’s tissues.
Edema can indicate underlying health issues.
What are palpitations or tachycardia?
Palpitations: unpleasant awareness of a rapid heartbeat. Tachycardia: irregular cardiac heart rhythm (heart rate >100 bpm).
These can be signs of cardiovascular issues.
What is Intermittent Claudication?
Pain in the lower extremities with inadequate blood supply, brought on by exercise, often described as a cramp that disappears after exercise stops.
This condition can indicate peripheral artery disease.
What is Age as it relates to cardiovascular disease?
A risk factor for CVD.
Older age increases the risk of cardiovascular conditions.
What is a Known Heart Murmur?
Sounds such as whooshing or swishing made by rapid, choppy blood flow through the heart, some may indicate heart disease.
Not all murmurs are harmful; some are considered innocent.
What is Cigarette Smoking?
A risk factor for CVD.
Smoking is a major preventable cause of heart disease.
What is Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities?
A sign or symptom of disease.
This can indicate underlying cardiac or pulmonary issues.
What is Blood Glucose?
A risk factor for CVD.
Elevated blood glucose levels can lead to diabetes, which increases cardiovascular risk.
What is Pain, discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms or other areas that may result from ischemia?
Also termed angina.
This is often a warning sign of potential heart problems.
What is Blood Pressure?
A risk factor for CVD.
High blood pressure can lead to heart disease and stroke.
What is BMI/Waist Circumference?
A risk factor for CVD.
High BMI and waist circumference are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
What is Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion?
Also termed dyspnea; an abnormally uncomfortable awareness of breathing.
This can indicate heart or lung problems.
What is Dizziness or Syncope?
Syncope is defined as a loss of consciousness, which can occur during exercise.
Dizziness can be a sign of various health issues, including cardiovascular problems.
What is Family History as it relates to cardiovascular disease?
A risk factor for CVD.
Family history of heart disease can increase an individual’s risk.
What is Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Orthopnea: dyspnea occurring at rest relieved by sitting up. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea: dyspnea occurring 2-5 hours after sleep, relieved by sitting up.
Both symptoms are associated with heart failure.
What is Physical Inactivity?
A risk factor for CVD.
Lack of physical activity contributes to obesity and cardiovascular problems.
What is the definition of Preparticipation Screening?
A process to evaluate individuals before engaging in physical activity.
What is the ACSM’s definition of Exercise Participation?
Performing planned, structured physical activity at least 30 minutes at moderate intensity on at least 3 days per week for at least 3 months.
How many different Preparticipation Screening Algorithms are mentioned?
Two.
What is the Preparticipation Screening Algorithm for individuals who DO NOT participate in exercise?
A specific protocol to evaluate health risks for sedentary individuals before they start exercising.
What is the Preparticipation Screening Algorithm for individuals who DO participate in exercise?
A specific protocol to evaluate ongoing health risks for active individuals.
Fill in the blank: Exercise Participation according to ACSM is defined as performing planned, structured physical activity at least 30 minutes at moderate intensity on at least 3 days per week for at least _______.
3 months.
True or False: Preparticipation Screening is only necessary for individuals who regularly exercise.
False.
What is physical activity?
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase over resting energy expenditure
What is exercise?
A form of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive
What is physical fitness?
A set of attributes or characteristics that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity
To achieve physical fitness, an individual must engage in __________.
exercise
To achieve physical fitness, exercise is a form of __________.
physical activity
What type of physical fitness includes components that have a relationship to good health?
Health Related Physical Fitness
What type of physical fitness includes components that have a relationship to physical abilities contributing to success in performance-based sports?
Sport/Skill Related Physical Fitness
What are the components of Health-Related Physical Fitness?
- Cardiovascular endurance
- Muscular strength
- Muscular endurance
- Flexibility
- Body composition
What are the components of Sport/Skill Related Physical Fitness?
- Agility
- Balance
- Coordination
- Power
- Reaction time
- Speed
Why is it important to measure physical fitness?
Measurements educate participants on their fitness status relative to health-related standards and age- and sex-matched norms to optimize health
Measurements provide data for the development of individualized exercise prescriptions
Measurements provide baseline and follow-up data for evaluation of progress
Motivate participants by establishing reasonable and attainable goals
True or False: Exercise promotes physical fitness, and physical fitness is measurable.
True
Understanding how to measure health and skill related physical fitness is important for enhancing __________.
quality of life
Understanding how to measure health and skill related physical fitness is important for improving __________.
sport performance
