exam 1 Flashcards
What are the functional groups?
Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, methyl, sulfhydryl, amino, phosphate
What is hydroxyl?
OH, neither basic nor acidic, polar
What is carbonyl?
C=O, neither acidic nor basic, polar
What is carboxyl?
C=O-OH, acidic, polar
What is methyl?
CH3, neither acidic nor basic, non-polar
What is sulfhydryl?
SH, either basic nor acidic, polar
What is amino?
NH2, basic, polar
What is phosphate?
PO4 (one double bond, two negative Os), acidic, polar
Examples of non-polar covalent bonds:
C-C, C-H, H-H, N-N, N-O, O-O
Examples of polar covalent bonds:
O-H, C-O, C-N, N-H
What do proteins do?
Catalyze chemical reactions, enable cell movement, transport substances across membranes, act as chemical signals, bind things, make up the cytoskeleton
What do nucleic acids do?
Encode and transmit genetic information
What do carbohydrates do?
Provide a source of energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria, plant, and algae
What do lipids do?
Make up cell membranes, store energy, and act as signaling molecules
Proteins are polymers of what?
Amino acids
Nucleic acids are polymers of what?
Nucleotides
