Exam 1 - Hx of Anesthesia

Question 1

Who accommodated the operator and avoided sinking down and turning away during surgery?

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

Who wrote the Materia Medica and was a Surgeon in Nero’s Army?

Answer 2

Dioscorides

Question 3

What combination of plant and alcoholic beverage was used early as a hallucinogenic?

Answer 3

Mandragora and Wine

Question 4

What is the L-Isomer of Atropine?

Answer 4

Hyposcyamus

Question 5

What was the reversal for soporifics/sponges in the Middle Ages?

Answer 5

Vinegar

Question 6

Who discovered/1st started using Diethyl Ether?
*What did he test it on?
*How is it made?

Answer 6

Valerius Cordus
*Chickens
*Sulfuric Acid and Ethyl Alcohol

Question 7

What 2 people invented IV access?
*How did they create it and how did they test it?

Answer 7

Sir Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle
*Goose Quill and injected alcohol into a dog’s vein

Question 8

Who discovered oxygen, Nitrous Oxide, and photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Joseph Priestly

Question 9

Who discovered Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and suggested Nitrous Oxide be used for surgical pain control?

Answer 9

Humphry Davy

Question 10

Who self administered Nitrous Oxide for tooth extractions and it was deemed a “humbug”

Answer 10

Horace Wells

Question 11

Who was the Chicago surgeon that used Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen without Hypoxia/Cyanosis?

Answer 11

Dr. Andrews

Question 12

Who used the 1st anesthesia machine with nitrous/oxygen?

Answer 12

Dr. Hewitt

Question 13

Who discovered ether for a pt w/ 2 vascular neck tumors and continued to use whiskey?

Answer 13

Crawford Long

Question 14

Who used ether for his own denture fitting, as it was uncomfortable?

Answer 14

William Morton

Question 15

What year was the 1st public demonstration of ether?

Answer 15

1846

Question 16

Who developed the process for pure ether and founded a pharmacy company?

Answer 16

Dr. Robinson Squibb

Question 17

What are 4 disadvantages of ether?

Answer 17

1. Flammable
2. Sweet/strong odor
3. Very prolonged induction
4. N/V

Question 18

Who was a OB doc in Scotland that used chloroform and faced religious opposition?

Answer 18

Sir James Simpson

Question 19

Who was a full time anesthetist that used chloroform and discovered that cholera came from water?

Answer 19

Dr. John Snow

Question 20

Who discovered that chloroform had delayed hepatotoxicity in children?

Answer 20

Dr. Guthrie

Question 21

Who used light chloroform and adrenaline for anesthesia?

Answer 21

Dr. Levy

Question 22

Who was the Viennese Ophthalmologist that used cocaine for eye surgery?

Answer 22

Dr. Koller

Question 23

Who used the 1st regional nerve block with cocaine?

Answer 23

Dr. Halsted

Question 24

Who used the 1st spinal anesthetic with cocaine and developed the Bier block?

Answer 24

Dr. August Bier

Question 25

Who was the 1st CRNA?

Answer 25

Sister Mary Bernard

Question 26

Who is known as the mother of anesthesia?

Answer 26

Alice Magaw

Question 27

Who founded the AANA and opened the 1st CRNA school?

Answer 27

Agatha Hodgins

Question 28

Which recent anesthetic was deemed to be violently explosive?

Answer 28

Cyclopropane

Question 29

Which recent anesthetic was deemed to cause hepatitis and have a slow onset?

Answer 29

Halothane

Question 30

Which recent anesthetic is relatively safe, quicker onset that halothane w/ less n/v

Answer 30

Isoflurane

Question 31

Which volatile anesthetic has the most rapid onset and offset w/ a high vapor pressure?

Answer 31

Desflurane

Question 32

Who coined the term MAC? *What does MAC stand for?

Answer 32

Edmund Egar *Minimal Alveolar Concentration

Question 33

Which volatile anesthetic is unstable in soda lime and is used as an inhaled volatile anesthetic due to lack of lung irritation?

Answer 33

Sevoflurane

Question 34

What is considered in the balanced anesthetic triad? *4 items

Answer 34

Amnesia, analgesia, muscle relaxation, homeostasis

Question 35

What 2 neurotransmitters are effected when we talk about amnesia?

Answer 35

ACh and GABA

Question 36

Which surgeon has 3 deaths from 1 operation attempting to balance anesthesia?

Answer 36

Dr. Liston

Question 37

Who used light nitrous/oxygen anesthesia with a local infiltration of procaine?

Answer 37

George Crile

Question 38

Who used regional blocks prior to emergence from ether?

Answer 38

Harvey Cushing

Question 39

What is Neurolept anesthesia? *why did they discontinue this method

Answer 39

Using antipsychotics in attempt to sedate the pt and lower pain *Increased awareness and extrapyramidal movements post-op

Question 40

What are the 5 Phases of Anesthesia?

Answer 40

PIMEP Preop, Induction, Maintenance, Emergence from Anesthesia, Postop

Question 41

How long is Stage 1 of anesthesia?

Answer 41

beginning of induction to LOC

Question 42

How long is Stage 2 of anesthesia?

Answer 42

LOC to onset of automatic breathing

Question 43

How long is Stage 3 of anesthesia? *What is the plane name for this stage?

Answer 43

Onset of automatic breathing to respiratory paralysis *Surgical Plane

Question 44

What are the 3 Planes of Stage 1 of anesthesia?

Answer 44

1 - no amnesia or analgesia 2 - amnestic but only partially analgesic 3 - complete analgesia and amnesia

Question 45

What happens in Stage 2 of Anesthesia? *What to avoid in this stage?

Answer 45

Eyelash reflex disappears, coughing, vomiting, struggling, irregular breathing *Extubation

Question 46

What are the 4 planes of Stage 3 of Anesthesia? *Which plane is desired before administering muscle relaxants?

Answer 46

1 - automatic respiration to cessation of eyeball moving 2 - Cessation of eyeball moving to beginning of intercostal muscle paralysis; increased tears 3 - begin to complete of intercostal muscle paralysis, pupils dilate, desired plane prior to muscle relaxants 4 - complete intercostal paralysis to diaphragmatic paralysis (apnea)