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Advanced Anesthesia Pharm > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who accommodated the operator and avoided sinking down and turning away during surgery?

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

Who wrote the Materia Medica and was a Surgeon in Nero’s Army?

A

Dioscorides

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3
Q

What combination of plant and alcoholic beverage was used early as a hallucinogenic?

A

Mandragora and Wine

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4
Q

What is the L-Isomer of Atropine?

A

Hyposcyamus

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5
Q

What was the reversal for soporifics/sponges in the Middle Ages?

A

Vinegar

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6
Q

Who discovered/1st started using Diethyl Ether?
*What did he test it on?
*How is it made?

A

Valerius Cordus
*Chickens
*Sulfuric Acid and Ethyl Alcohol

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7
Q

What 2 people invented IV access?
*How did they create it and how did they test it?

A

Sir Christopher Wren and Robert Boyle
*Goose Quill and injected alcohol into a dog’s vein

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8
Q

Who discovered oxygen, Nitrous Oxide, and photosynthesis?

A

Joseph Priestly

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9
Q

Who discovered Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and suggested Nitrous Oxide be used for surgical pain control?

A

Humphry Davy

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10
Q

Who self administered Nitrous Oxide for tooth extractions and it was deemed a “humbug”

A

Horace Wells

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11
Q

Who was the Chicago surgeon that used Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen without Hypoxia/Cyanosis?

A

Dr. Andrews

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12
Q

Who used the 1st anesthesia machine with nitrous/oxygen?

A

Dr. Hewitt

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13
Q

Who discovered ether for a pt w/ 2 vascular neck tumors and continued to use whiskey?

A

Crawford Long

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14
Q

Who used ether for his own denture fitting, as it was uncomfortable?

A

William Morton

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15
Q

What year was the 1st public demonstration of ether?

A

1846

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16
Q

Who developed the process for pure ether and founded a pharmacy company?

A

Dr. Robinson Squibb

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17
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of ether?

A
  1. Flammable
  2. Sweet/strong odor
  3. Very prolonged induction
  4. N/V
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18
Q

Who was a OB doc in Scotland that used chloroform and faced religious opposition?

A

Sir James Simpson

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19
Q

Who was a full time anesthetist that used chloroform and discovered that cholera came from water?

A

Dr. John Snow

20
Q

Who discovered that chloroform had delayed hepatotoxicity in children?

A

Dr. Guthrie

21
Q

Who used light chloroform and adrenaline for anesthesia?

A

Dr. Levy

22
Q

Who was the Viennese Ophthalmologist that used cocaine for eye surgery?

A

Dr. Koller

23
Q

Who used the 1st regional nerve block with cocaine?

A

Dr. Halsted

24
Q

Who used the 1st spinal anesthetic with cocaine and developed the Bier block?

A

Dr. August Bier

25
Q

Who was the 1st CRNA?

A

Sister Mary Bernard

26
Q

Who is known as the mother of anesthesia?

A

Alice Magaw

27
Q

Who founded the AANA and opened the 1st CRNA school?

A

Agatha Hodgins

28
Q

Which recent anesthetic was deemed to be violently explosive?

A

Cyclopropane

29
Q

Which recent anesthetic was deemed to cause hepatitis and have a slow onset?

A

Halothane

30
Q

Which recent anesthetic is relatively safe, quicker onset that halothane w/ less n/v

A

Isoflurane

31
Q

Which volatile anesthetic has the most rapid onset and offset w/ a high vapor pressure?

A

Desflurane

32
Q

Who coined the term MAC?
*What does MAC stand for?

A

Edmund Egar
*Minimal Alveolar Concentration

33
Q

Which volatile anesthetic is unstable in soda lime and is used as an inhaled volatile anesthetic due to lack of lung irritation?

A

Sevoflurane

34
Q

What is considered in the balanced anesthetic triad?
*4 items

A

Amnesia, analgesia, muscle relaxation, homeostasis

35
Q

What 2 neurotransmitters are effected when we talk about amnesia?

A

ACh and GABA

36
Q

Which surgeon has 3 deaths from 1 operation attempting to balance anesthesia?

A

Dr. Liston

37
Q

Who used light nitrous/oxygen anesthesia with a local infiltration of procaine?

A

George Crile

38
Q

Who used regional blocks prior to emergence from ether?

A

Harvey Cushing

39
Q

What is Neurolept anesthesia?
*why did they discontinue this method

A

Using antipsychotics in attempt to sedate the pt and lower pain
*Increased awareness and extrapyramidal movements post-op

40
Q

What are the 5 Phases of Anesthesia?

A

PIMEP
Preop, Induction, Maintenance, Emergence from Anesthesia, Postop

41
Q

How long is Stage 1 of anesthesia?

A

beginning of induction to LOC

42
Q

How long is Stage 2 of anesthesia?

A

LOC to onset of automatic breathing

43
Q

How long is Stage 3 of anesthesia?
*What is the plane name for this stage?

A

Onset of automatic breathing to respiratory paralysis
*Surgical Plane

44
Q

What are the 3 Planes of Stage 1 of anesthesia?

A

1 - no amnesia or analgesia
2 - amnestic but only partially analgesic
3 - complete analgesia and amnesia

45
Q

What happens in Stage 2 of Anesthesia?
*What to avoid in this stage?

A

Eyelash reflex disappears, coughing, vomiting, struggling, irregular breathing
*Extubation

46
Q

What are the 4 planes of Stage 3 of Anesthesia?
*Which plane is desired before administering muscle relaxants?

A

1 - automatic respiration to cessation of eyeball moving
2 - Cessation of eyeball moving to beginning of intercostal muscle paralysis; increased tears
3 - begin to complete of intercostal muscle paralysis, pupils dilate, desired plane prior to muscle relaxants
4 - complete intercostal paralysis to diaphragmatic paralysis (apnea)

Advanced Anesthesia Pharm (1 decks)

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