EXAM 1

Question 1

Ventilation problem

Answer 1

Moving air in and out of lungs
Structural damage/ injury
Atelectasis (partial collapsed lung)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Chest trauma- chest tubes
Diseases- COPD, Pneumonia

Question 2

Oxygenation problem

Answer 2

Process by which we supply, treat, change, enrich body with oxygen
Failure of ciruclation/ perfusion
Inflammation
Infection
Failure to transport- anemia
sepsis/ shock

Question 3

physical s/s respiratory failure

Answer 3

PaO2- <60
PaCO2- >50
pH- <7.35
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Confusion
Cyanosis
restlessness/ anxiety

Question 4

unseen process respiratory failure

Answer 4

Cells deprived of O2= cell death
Cell death= body begins to breakdown tissue/ muscle to look for stored O2
Breakdown tissue/muscle= lactic acid formation
Lactic acid build up= lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis= pH <7.35 and it becomes very acidic very fast
Severe acidosis= multisystem organ dysfunction syndrome
Very hard for pt to recover= multiple organ failure
They need fluids- disperse lactic acid

Question 5

Risk factors for resp failure

Answer 5

Smoker
Obesity
Cardiac disease
Pulmonary disease
environmental/ occupational hazards
Immunocompromised
infants/ elderly
Poor nutrition
anemic

Question 6

assess respiratory failure

Answer 6

pulmonary= lung sounds, pulse ox, RR, use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring, air hunger, requiring O2

cardiovascular= heart sounds, HR

neurologic= loc, confusion, lethargy

Peripheral vascular= color, cap refill, nail clubbing

Question 7

Respiratory failure interventions

Answer 7

Low flow deliver- nasal cannula, non-rebreather

High flow delivery- high flow nasal cannula, venturi mask

Question 8

respiratory failure education

Answer 8

O2 and fire safety
O2 induced hyperventilation
O2 toxicity
Absorptive atelectasis
Drying of mucous membranes

Question 9

Respiratory Failure diagnostics

Answer 9

Pulse ox and vitals
CBC
ABGs
PFTs- measure TV
Cat scan
MRI
Sputum culture

Question 10

Respiratory Failure health promotion/ teaching

Answer 10

Avoid smoking
Check skin breakdown
Check gaugue daily
Extra tank in case of power outage
Trip hazards
How often change tubing
Ensure tank on holder if it falls it oculd decompress and move in an uncontrolled manner

Question 11

chest tubes description

Answer 11

Normally the lungs are under negative pressure, when there is an interruption in the pleural space, it become positive pressure and lungs deflate

Drain placed in the pleural space, allows lung reexpansion and drainage

Question 12

pneumothroax

Answer 12

air in pleural space

Question 13

hemothorax

Answer 13

blood in pleural space

Question 14

hemopneumothorax

Answer 14

air and blood in pleural space

Question 15

chest tube three parts

Answer 15

collection chamber- this is where the fluid that is drained from the pleural space is collected

water seal chamber- as the trapped air leaves the pleural space it passes through the collection chamber into the water seal chamber. Once it goes through the water seal chamber. Once it goes through the water seal chamber it will bubble

suction control chamber- regulates amount of suction. Typically suction 20cm H2O

Question 16

spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 16

goal- prevent air entering pleural cavity

action- 3- way dressing

Question 17

tension pneumothroax

Answer 17

when air continuously enters the pleural space on inspiration, but no excits on experations

Question 18

tension pneumothroax manifestations

Answer 18

• low BP
• high HR
• perfusion problems
• trachial deveation
• smooshed heart

Question 19

thoracotomy

Answer 19

surgery performed to expose the lungs

Question 20

lobectomy

Answer 20

removal of a lobe

Question 21

wedge resection

Answer 21

a portion of lobe removed