Exam 1

Question 1

Personality is an individual’s characteristic patterns of ________.

Answer 1

d. all of the above

Question 2

Personality psychologists who adhere to the ________ approach focus on identifying, conceptualizing, and measuring the ways in which people differ psychologically from one another.

Answer 2

b. trait

Question 3

________ theories of personality apply the insights and methods derived from the study of perception, memory, and thought to the study of personality.

Answer 3

c. Cognitive

Question 4

Jeff suspects that his roommate’s sexist jokes may indicate that his roommate has some hidden, unconscious hostility toward women or that he feels very insecure around women. Jeff’s analysis suggests a ________ approach to personality.

Answer 4

a. psychoanalytic

Question 5

While completing the Acme Personality Inventory, you answer True to the item ‘I consider myself a nervous person.’ Your response to this item would be an example of ________ data.

Answer 5

c. S

Question 6

________ data are the most frequently used basis for personality assessment.

Answer 6

c. S

Question 7

A major advantage of S data is that ________.

Answer 7

c. you are the world’s best expert about your own personality

Question 8

A personality description of a client by his or her therapist is an example of ________ data.

Answer 8

c. I

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of I data?

Answer 9

d. They come from carefully controlled experimental situations.

Question 10

The judgments that others make of your personality affect your opportunities and expectancies. Thus, these judgments have ________.

Answer 10

c. causal force

Question 11

The fact that behavior is frequently determined by multiple causes presents the most significant disadvantage for ________ data.

Answer 11

a. B

Question 12

Which age group is likely to have the greatest amount of stability in their personality traits?

Answer 12

d. adults between age 50 and 70.

Question 13

Someone who is ____________ is likely to express their personality consistently from one situation to the next.

Answer 13

a. low in self-monitoring

Question 14

Attractiveness is associated with what trait?

Answer 14

c. extraversion

Question 15

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was designed to ________.

Answer 15

b. assess normal individuals

Question 16

The MMPI was designed to ________.

Answer 16

a. assess individuals with psychological disorders

Question 17

A psychologist administering the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) asks respondents to ________.

Answer 17

c. tell stories about pictures that the psychologist shows them

Question 18

According to the text, one of the non-psychometric functions of projective tests is to ________.

Answer 18

c. break the ice between client and therapist

Question 19

Which of the following is an objective personality test?

Answer 19

a. MMPI

Question 20

The approach to personality test construction that examines a set of correlations among many items in order to identify which items are highly correlated is called the ________ approach.

Answer 20

d. factor analytic

Question 21

Imagine that you want to develop a test to measure depression. You gather a set of 100 potential test items and ask a sample of people diagnosed with clinical depression and a sample of nondepressed people to respond to the items. For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the 15 items that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. You are using a(n) ________ method of test construction.

Answer 21

d. empirical

Question 22

Integrity tests administered in employment screening provide good measures of ________.

Answer 22

a. conscientiousness

Question 23

A researcher who starts with an interest in delinquency and then identifies the traits associated with that category of behavior is taking a ________ approach.

Answer 23

b. many- trait

Question 24

A researcher who tries to discover the most important or basic personality traits that exist is taking a ________ approach.

Answer 24

c. essential- trait

Question 25

Which trait is linked to reduced creativity in group problem-solving tasks?

Answer 25

a. narcissism

Question 26

Low self-monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to be described as ________________.

Answer 26

d. independent

Question 27

A researcher taking the many- trait approach to understanding personality would likely use which of the following measurement instruments?

Answer 27

b. California Q-Set

Question 28

Joe is a 15-year-old who abuses drugs on a regular basis. Research using the Q-sort suggests that as a child, Joe probably would have been described as ________________.

Answer 28

d. emotionally unstable and immature

Question 29

A researcher using factor analysis to identify basic traits is likely to favor the ________ approach.

Answer 29

c. essential- trait

Question 30

Which Big Five domain captures a tendency to experience positive emotions?

Answer 30

b. extraversion

Question 31

The ________ approach to personality usually assumes that all people can be characterized by points on a continuous score of measurement; but the ________ approach to personality suggests that people might differ in kind more than in amount.

Answer 31

b. trait; typological

Question 32

Which of the following traits seems to show the strongest and most noticeable mean-level increase from ages 15 to 60?

Answer 32

c. conscientiousness