Exam 1 Flashcards by Eli Woodard

Angina

Chest pain

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SOAP

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

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Cheif Complaine

Quote the patient’s own words why they are there.
First part of note

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Subjective information

Cheif complaint
What the patient tells you

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Objective info

What you find in tests, imaging, etc.

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Symptoms

What the pt tells you they are experiencing (“I am itchy”)

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Signs

What you see (“pt has a rash”)

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OLDCAARTS

Used for HPI
Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics (intensity)
Alleviators
Aggravators
Radiation
Timing
Symptoms

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HPI

History of present illness.
Use OLDCAARTS

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Pertinent positives

Symptoms that are related to a diagnosis

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Pertinent negatives

Symptoms not present that rule out a diagnosis

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Hyperpyrexia

Temp over 106

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Hypothermia

Temp less than 95

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At what temp are you considered running a temp

100.4

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Where is squamous cell carcinoma usually found

Head and neck

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Where is 40% of melanoma found on men

Back

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Where is 40% of melanoma found on women

Legs

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Atrophy

Depression and/or surface change in skin as result of diminution of components in epidermis, dermis or fat

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Scar

Depressed or elevated proliferation of CT that has replaced inflamed or traumatized skin

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Clubbing of nails

Usually sign of pulmonary malignancy

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Nail pitting

Deep dents in nails.
Caused by autoimmune disease

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What size needle do we use most in suturing

3/8 ciricle reverse cutting needle

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Absorbable sutures

Monofilaments - Monocryl, chromic gut, pds.
Braided - Vicryl

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Nonabsorbable sutures

Monofilament - nylon, prolene
Braided - silk

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Order of CT phases

0. precontrast 1. arterial 2. venous 3. delayed

What is the window of the CT

sets what tissues you are viewing.

What contrast medium is used for most CTs

Iodine-based

What are the absolute contradictions to CT

None. Situations where CT should never be given

Relevant contradictions to CT

CT is not advised in this situation, but if necessary it can be made to happen

What MRI highlights fluid

Gadolinium

Metal based contrast given for MRI Don't give to pts with GFR <30

What CNs come from pons

III, V, VI, VII

What CN comes form posterior midbrain

Lateral rectus

CN VI abducts eye straight to outside

Superior oblique

CN IV Down and out

Superior rectus

CN III Up and in

Inferior oblique

CN III Up and out

Inferior rectus

CN III Down and in

Media rectus

CN III Abducts eye onto nose

How many pairs of ribs do we have

What ribs directly attach to sternum

1-7. True ribs vertebrosternal

What ribs attach to sternum via attachment to rib directly above it

8-10 False ribs Vertebrocostal

What ribs do not connect to sternum at all

11-12. Floating

What ribs have interchondral joints

7-10

Where does the heart sit in the ribcage

T4/5-T8/9

Fibrous pericardium

Tough outside layer of pericardium

Parietal layer of pericardium

Lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium

Visceral pericardium

Layer of pericardium directly on heart

Serous pericardium

Parietal and visceral layers (continuous with each other) with serous fluid in between. Fist punching water balloon.

Cardiac Tamponade

Compression of heart due to inability to expand due to fibrous pericardium

Epicardium

Outer layer of heart. Same thing as visceral layer of pericardium

Myocardium

Middle of heart where muscle is

Endocardium

Internal layer. Lines lumens of ofur chambers and cusps of valves

What surface mostly makes anterior side of hearth

Right ventricle

What mostly makes inferior surface of heart

Left and right ventricles

What makes up the right pulmonary surface of heart

Righ atrium

What makes up the lefr pulmonary surface of heart

Left ventricle

Chordae Tenae

Fibrous cords that connect free edges of cusps of AV valves to papillary muscles

Papillary muscels

Specialized trabeculae carneae that attach to AV valve leaflets via chordae tenae to keep AV valves from prolapsing into atria during systole.

Trabeculae carneae

elevations of myocardium

Crista terminalis

Internal vertical ridge of right atrium

Right atrial appendage (auricle)

Muscular pouch on right atrium that increases capacity of atrium as it overlaps ascending aorta

When should you not use contrast for CT

Kidney stones GFR<30 CT of head when no mass suspected