Exam #1

Question 1

What is a Test?

Answer 1

A tool or instrument used to make a particular measurement

Question 2

What is a Measurement?

Answer 2

Act of using a test to collect data

Question 3

What is an Evaluation?

Answer 3

Is a statement of quality, goodness, value, and worthiness about what is being assessed

Question 4

What are the differences between a test, measurement and evaluation?

Answer 4

Test - a tool used to measure something
Measurement - data collected from a test
Evaluation - interpreting data from measurement

Question 5

What are some general purposes of using evaluation?

Answer 5

we can use evaluation to have a reference perspective as well as comparing measured data to norm or criterion reference standards

Question 6

What are some general purposes of using measurement?

Answer 6

we can use measurement to quantify data as well as creating standards

Question 7

What is norm reference evaluation? (relative standard)

Answer 7

comparing a performance to that of others in a particular group

Question 8

What is a criterion-reference evaluation? (absolute standard)

Answer 8

comparing measured data to a criterion (predetermined level of performance)

Question 9

What are some limitations of Normative Reference standards ? (relative standard)

Answer 9

1. Not for health related evaluations

Question 10

What are some limitations of Criterion reference standards? (absolute standard)

Answer 10

1. the cutoff score involves some subjective judgement
2. misclassification can be severe (ex: hypertension)
3. a person exceeding the criterion may not be motivated to continue to improve
4. same criterion may not be appropriate for other groups

Question 11

Advantages of Criterion reference standards

Answer 11

1. represent a specific, desired levels of performance
2. independent of the proportion of population that meets the standard
3. Sets a standard for people to achieve and exceed criterion

Question 12

Advantages of Norm reference standards

Answer 12

good for observing a large specific population

Question 13

What is a histogram? what is it used for? what does it look like?

Answer 13

1. a histogram is a frequency of distributed values
2. used for organizing data which involves using various scores
3. it has scores(range) on the x-axis and the y-axis has the frequency

Question 14

What is normal distribution?

Answer 14

• bell shaped curve
• no symmetry in distribution

Question 15

What is negatively skewed?

Answer 15

• tail and outlier are towards the negative end (to the right)

Question 16

What is positively skewed?

Answer 16

• tail and outlier are towards the positive end (left side)

Question 17

What is skewness?

Answer 17

Shape or symmetry of frequency distribution

Question 18

What is Kurtosis?

Answer 18

Peakedness of a frequency distribution

Question 19

What is mesokurtic?

Answer 19

distribution with medium peak height; medium breadth

Question 20

What is playtokurtotic?

Answer 20

distribution with lower peak height; larger spread of data about the mean

Question 21

What is leptokurtotic?

Answer 21

distribution with higher peak height, lesser spread

Question 22

What is the Mean?

Answer 22

• arithmetic average
• most common measure of central tendency
• located at or near the middle of the bell curve of a normal distribution

Question 23

What is the Mode

Answer 23

• most common score
• seldom used measure

Question 24

What is the Median?

Answer 24

• middle scores; 50th percentile
• if 2 scores are in the middle, average them

Question 25

How is the MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE present in Normal Distribution?

Answer 25

Mean, Median and Mode are in the middle portion on the curve

Question 26

How is the MEAN, MEDIAN, and MODE present in a Negatively Skewed Distribution?

Answer 26

Mean is closer to the tail (negative end) Mode is the further away from tail (positive end) Median is in the middle

Question 27

How is the MEAN, MEDIAN, and MODE present in a Positively Skewed Distribution?

Answer 27

Mean is closer to the tail (positive end) Mode is the furthest away from the tail (negative end) Median is in the middle

Question 28

What are the measures of variability?

Answer 28

1. Range 2. Standard Deviation (SD)

Question 29

What is RANGE used for?

Answer 29

- difference between the highest and lowest score - seldom used in Kinesiology - larger range = greater variability

Question 30

What is STANDARD DEVIATION used for?

Answer 30

- how the data is spread around the mean value - higher SD = greater variability - lowest SD possible is 0; all numbers are the same

Question 31

What does it mean to be within 1 or 2 SD of the mean? What does this look like on a graph?

Question 32

What is a correlation coefficient?

Answer 32

a statistical measure that indicates; magnitude and direction of a relationship between variables

Question 33

What is a correlation?

Answer 33

a statistical association or relationship between variables

Question 34

What is the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r)?

Answer 34

* an index of magnitude and direction of LINEAR relationship between 2 variables (assuming both variables are normally distributed)