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KINE 320 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscle, covering wall of internal organs

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2
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary, only covering walls of the heart

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary, usually attached to skeleton

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4
Q

Epimysium

A

outer connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and functions to hold it together and give it shape

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5
Q

Fascicle

A

bundles of fibers

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6
Q

Perimysium

A

connective tissue sheath surrounding each fascicle

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7
Q

Muscle fibers(cell)

A

muscle cells that are multinucleated

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8
Q

Endomysium

A

sheath of connective tissue covers each muscle fiber

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9
Q

Breakdown of Skeletal Muscle

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Epimysium
  3. Fascicle
  4. Perimysium
  5. Muscle fibers
  6. Endomysium
  7. Myofibril
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10
Q

Inside muscle fibers

A
  1. Plasmalemma/Sarcolemma
  2. Satellite cells
  3. Sarcoplasm
  4. Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)
  5. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
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11
Q

Sarcolemma

A

composed of plasmalemma and the basement membrane

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12
Q

Satellite cells

A

located between the plasmalemma and the basement membrane. involved in the growth and development of skeletal muscle and in muscle’s adaptation

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13
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

the fluid part of the muscle fiber. contains myoglobin and glycogen

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14
Q

Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

A
  • extensions of the plasmalemma
  • allow nerve impulses to transmit to individual myofibrils
  • allows substances to enter and exit the cell
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15
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

A
  • parallel and loop around the myofibrils
  • store calcium for muscle contraction
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16
Q

Myofibrils

A
  • thousands found in muscle fibers
  • made up of the basic contractile elements of skeletal muscle– the sarcomeres
17
Q

Sarcomeres

A
  • basic functional unit of a myofibril and basic contractile unit of muscle
18
Q

Myosin

A
  • thick filaments
  • globular myosin can bind to actin
19
Q

Actin

A
  • thin filaments
  • composed of three different protein molecules - actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
20
Q

Tropomyosin

A
  • blocks the active site on actin
21
Q

Titin

A

springy protein; prevents overstretching and assists with recoil

22
Q

Dystrophin

A

links the shortening components to connective tissue

23
Q

Nebulin

A

provides structural and regulatory support

24
Q

Sliding filament theory

A
  • Action potential: from the brain or spinal cord
  • Alpha-motor neuron
  • Synapse: nerve fiber stimulates a cell
  • Sodium enters cell
  • Calcium is released
  • Calcium binds with troponin and moves tropomyosin away from the myosin-binding sites
  • myosin-actin binding and movement is the “power stroke”
25
Q

How does a muscle fiber (cell) get stimulated?

A
  • Excitation-Contraction coupling
  • the motor unit
26
Q

Axon terminal

A

Separated from fiber via the synaptic cleft

27
Q

Schwann cell

A

Surrounds the junction

28
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Release acetylcholine via exocytosis and initiate electrical activity

29
Q

Nerve cells

A

Somatic motor neurons (brain stem and spinal cord)
Each muscle fiber is innervated by ONE motor neuron

30
Q

Type I (slow twitch)

A

-aerobic
-red in color
-high blood supply
-fatigue slowly
-high # of mitochondria
-high # of capillaries
(Marathoner)

31
Q

Type II (fast twitch)

A

-anaerobic
-pale in colour
-low blood supply
-fatigue rapidly
-low # of capillaries
-low # of mitochondria
(Sprinter)

32
Q

Energy substrates

A

Carbs, fats, protein

33
Q

What do all Carbohydrates break down into

A

Glucose

34
Q

Glucose

A

sugar
transported through the blood to all body tissues

35
Q

Glycogen

A

is stored glucose found in the liver

36
Q

Glucagon

A

hormone resulting in glycogen being broken down into glucose

37
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen into glucose

38
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

39
Q
A

KINE 320 (2 decks)

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