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BT5 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Also called as “_________”, is a construction technique where
building components like walls, slabs, beams, columns, roofs, etc., are cast at the site by formwork.

A

cast-in-situ

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2
Q

“____________” concrete is poured directly on the building site to form the desired structural system or application.

A

cast-in-place

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3
Q

Cast-in-place system
This concrete is
commonly called _______ concrete.

A

site-cast concrete

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4
Q

Cast-in-place system
__________ involves pouring concrete directly into a mold on-site to achieve the required shape for specific construction projects.

A

Site casting

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5
Q

Is a concrete product that is created offsite and then delivered to its project destination for final use.

A

Pre-Cast

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6
Q

Pre-Cast is sometimes called __________ or __________ concrete that is ready to use right away on the construction site.

A

prefabricated / pre-made concrete

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7
Q

Pre-Cast System
Involves casting concrete in a “_________” or “_______”, which is then cured in a controlled factory environment off-site.

A

reusable mold or form

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8
Q

__________ are flat, horizontal structural elements made of reinforced concrete that receive the load and transfer it through the beams to the columns and to the footings to the soil below.

A

Slab

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9
Q

________ are used in both load-bearing structures and framed structures.

A

Slabs

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10
Q

Types of Slabs

A
  1. Conventional Slab
    a. One way slab
    b. Two way slab
  2. Flat Plate
  3. Flat Slab
    a. Flat Slab with column heads
    b. Flat Slab with drop panels
    c. Flat Slab with column heads and drop panels
  4. Waffle Slab
  5. Ribbed Slab
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11
Q

Types of Slabs
The slab which is supported by beams and columns, is called _____________

A

conventional slab

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12
Q

In conventional slab the thickness of the slab is __________ but depth of the beam is _________. The load is transmitted from slab to beam and then from beam to column.

A

small
large

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13
Q

horizontal bar is called ____________________

A

main reinforcement

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14
Q

vertical bar is called ________________

A

distribution bar

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15
Q

Conventional slabs are two types

A

One way and Two way Slab

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16
Q

_________ is a conventional horizontal slab rectangular in shape and supported by beams on two of its four sides. The slabs are supported on beams opposite to each other. Therefore, the deflected shape is __________

A

One way slab
cylindrical

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17
Q

Conventional Slabs
In one way slabs the longer span is _________ twice of the shorter span. The ratio of longer span to the shorter span is greater than two. As a result, the shorter span is subjected to bending.

A

more than

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18
Q

Conventional Slab
The main reinforcements are provided in the shorter directions to resist the bending and the secondary reinforcements are provided in the longer direction.

A

One way slab

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19
Q

__________ are also conventional slabs mostly rectangular in shape and supported on all four sides of a beam.

A

Two-way slabs

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20
Q

In two-way slabs, the
longer span is __________twice the shorter span.

A

less than

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21
Q

Two way slab
The ratio of longer span to shorter span is lesser than two. The deflected shape of the slab is like a __________ shape.

A

dish or saucer shape

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22
Q

The two-way slabs are economical to a size of __m x __m.

A

6m x 6m

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23
Q

Unlike conventional slabs, the loads are not transferred from the slabs to the beams in ____________ . Instead, the loads are transferred directly to the columns.

A

Flat Plate

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24
Q

___________ are the modified version of flat plates with a column head and/or a drop panel cast monolithically with the slab. There are no beams present in the flat slabs but the drop panels and column
heads will transfer the loads smoothly to the columns.

A

Flat slabs

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25
Q

Types of Flat Slab

A

a. Flat Slab with column heads
b. Flat Slab with drop panels
c. Flat Slab with column heads and drop panels

26
Q

Type of Flat slab
The column heads are provided below the drop panels, and they are mostly sloping to meet the column dimensions.
A flat slab with __________ increases the shear strength of the slab and reduces the moment in the slab by reducing the clear or effective span.

A

Flat Slab with column heads

27
Q

Type of Flat slab
___________ are square or rectangular in shape and increase the shear capacity of the slab. The __________ add deflection to the slab and thus minimize the deflections.
A flat slab with ____________increases the shear strength of the slab and the negative moment capacity of the slab. It also stiffens the slab, hence reduces deflection.

A

Flat Slab with drop panels

28
Q

Type of Flat slab
The flat slabs are mostly popular in unconventional structures without column symmetry.
The_______ and __________ act as a
special beam confined to that particular space. However, the formworks become complicated due to the need for column heads and drop panels.

A

Flat Slab with drop panels and column head

29
Q

Shear reinforcement in the form of shear heads, shear studs or stirrup cages may be embedded in the slab to enhance shear capacity at the edges of walls and columns.

A

Punching Shear

30
Q

_________ are lightweight slabs with hollow grid-like systems on their soffit. The hollow grid system reduces the self-weight of the slab without compromising its structural stability

A

Waffle slabs

31
Q

The grids are spaced at equal intervals, and they transfer the load from above to the beams. The space between the ribs is sometimes treated as a ________ and
reinforced to increase the flexural rigidity of the slab.

A

Waffle Slab
beam

32
Q

Slab that they can span long distances with ease

A

Waffle Slab

33
Q

The waffle slabs may have a _____ system or a _______ system where the bands of beam run throughout the slabs. The grids can be or any shape – square, rectangular, triangular etc.

A

grid system or girder system

34
Q

The volume of concrete used is much less compared to others.

A

Waffle Slab

35
Q

The recommended thickness of the waffle slab is ____ to ____ mm

A

85 to 100 mm

36
Q

The overall depth of the waffle slab is limited to ___ to ___mm.

A

300 to 600 mm.

37
Q

The width of beams or ribs provided in waffle slab are generally
___ to ___ mm.

A

110 to 200 mm

38
Q

The spacing of waffle slab, ribs recommended is ___ to ___ mm.

A

600 to 1500 mm.

39
Q

Reinforced waffle slabs can be constructed for a span of up to __meters while beyond that length prefabricated waffle slab is
preferable.

A

16m

40
Q

Waffle slab requires only __% of concrete and ___% of steel from the concrete and steel used for the stiffened raft.

A

70% & 80%

41
Q

Waffle slab has several services like lighting, plumbing pipes, electrical wiring, air conditioning, insulation materials, etc. can be provided within the depth of the waffle slab by providing holes in the waffle bottom surface. This system is called a ________.

A

Holedeck

42
Q

A ______ has wide grids or bands of beams in the soffit of the beam whereas a waffle slab has deeper corresponding parts

A

ribbed slab

43
Q

main advantage of ribbed floors is the reduction in weight achieved by removing part of the concrete below the _______ axis.

A

neutral axis

44
Q

main advantage of ribbed floors is the reduction in weight achieved by removing part of the concrete below the ______________.

A

neutral axis

45
Q

Types of Methods of Slab Construction

A

slip form method
lift slab

46
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
___________ is an alternative to the conventional formwork system which helps in continuous vertical and horizontal construction.

A

slip form method

47
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
The __________ helps to conduct the continuous pouring of the concrete to the moving formwork. The process stops only
when the required length of casting is completed.

A

Slip-form Method

48
Q

Applications of Slip-form Construction Method

A

a. Construction of Regular core high-rise structures
b. Slipform Technique for Chimney Construction
c. Construction of Steel Tanks
d. Construction of Water Towers

49
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
_________ slab construction is a precast method of constructing concrete buildings by casting the floor or roof slab on top of the previous slab and then raising the slab up with hydraulic jacks, so being cheaper and faster as it does not need forms & shores as it is needed for cast-in-place slabs.

A

Lift slab

50
Q

______________ construction is a precast method of constructing concrete buildings

A

Lift slab

51
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
_________ is a type of pre-casting used in building construction involves casting floor and roof slabs at or near ground level and lifting them to their final position

A

Lift-slab

52
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
The method Lifts slab was invented and developed in the early ____’s by a collaboration of ____________ and _________.
Resulting in ________ Lift-Slab Method of Construction.

A

1950
Philip N. Youtz and Thomas B. Slick
Youtz-Slick

53
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
Factors of lifting the slabs

A

The sequence of lifting the slab is influenced by the following factors:

  • Weight of the slabs
  • Height of the building
  • Lifting capacity of jacks
  • Cross-sectional area of columns during initial lifting
54
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
Sequence of lifting the slabs
When it has matured it is sprayed with two or three coats of a separating medium consisting or what is called __________

A

bond breaker

55
Q

Methods of Slab Construction
Sequence of lifting the slabs
The slabs are lifted by ________, operating on top of each column, which is lifted by a pair of steel rods attached to each lifting collar while the slab is being raised.

A

hydraulic jacks

56
Q

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs

A

Hydraulic Jacks
Lifting Collars
Shear Blocks
Bond Breakers

57
Q

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs
This jack is a hydraulic piece of equipment which has positive safety devices on it.
The jack can lift slabs on columns loaded up to _____ pounds at a speed of up to ____ feet an hour.

A

Hydraulic Jacks
100,000 pounds
14 feet

58
Q

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs
______________ are cast into each slab around each column providing a means to lift the slab and also providing shear reinforcement, slabs are fixed into the columns by welding shear blocks to the plates or welded column flanges and to the collar after the slab has been raised in its final position.

A

Lifting Collars

59
Q

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs
__________ is a steel component used to hold the lifted slab in its final elevation.

A

Shear Blocks

60
Q

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs
The main function of __________ is to minimize dynamic loads during lifting or stripping of precast members and permit their complete, clean separation from casting slabs or molds.

A

Bond Breakers

61
Q

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs
In lift-slab construction, ________ compounds permit the slabs to be separated cleanly and easily from one another.
Bond breakers include wax dissolve in a volatile spirit, polythene sheet or building paper may also be used.

A

Bond Breaking

BT5 (2 decks)

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