EXAM 1

Question 1

Also called as “_________”, is a construction technique where
building components like walls, slabs, beams, columns, roofs, etc., are cast at the site by formwork.

Answer 1

cast-in-situ

Question 2

“____________” concrete is poured directly on the building site to form the desired structural system or application.

Answer 2

cast-in-place

Question 3

Cast-in-place system
This concrete is
commonly called _______ concrete.

Answer 3

site-cast concrete

Question 4

Cast-in-place system
__________ involves pouring concrete directly into a mold on-site to achieve the required shape for specific construction projects.

Answer 4

Site casting

Question 5

Is a concrete product that is created offsite and then delivered to its project destination for final use.

Answer 5

Pre-Cast

Question 6

Pre-Cast is sometimes called __________ or __________ concrete that is ready to use right away on the construction site.

Answer 6

prefabricated / pre-made concrete

Question 7

Pre-Cast System
Involves casting concrete in a “_________” or “_______”, which is then cured in a controlled factory environment off-site.

Answer 7

reusable mold or form

Question 8

__________ are flat, horizontal structural elements made of reinforced concrete that receive the load and transfer it through the beams to the columns and to the footings to the soil below.

Answer 8

Slab

Question 9

________ are used in both load-bearing structures and framed structures.

Answer 9

Slabs

Question 10

Types of Slabs

Answer 10

1. Conventional Slab
   a. One way slab
   b. Two way slab
2. Flat Plate
3. Flat Slab
   a. Flat Slab with column heads
   b. Flat Slab with drop panels
   c. Flat Slab with column heads and drop panels
4. Waffle Slab
5. Ribbed Slab

Question 11

Types of Slabs
The slab which is supported by beams and columns, is called _____________

Answer 11

conventional slab

Question 12

In conventional slab the thickness of the slab is __________ but depth of the beam is _________. The load is transmitted from slab to beam and then from beam to column.

Answer 12

small
large

Question 13

horizontal bar is called ____________________

Answer 13

main reinforcement

Question 14

vertical bar is called ________________

Answer 14

distribution bar

Question 15

Conventional slabs are two types

Answer 15

One way and Two way Slab

Question 16

_________ is a conventional horizontal slab rectangular in shape and supported by beams on two of its four sides. The slabs are supported on beams opposite to each other. Therefore, the deflected shape is __________

Answer 16

One way slab
cylindrical

Question 17

Conventional Slabs
In one way slabs the longer span is _________ twice of the shorter span. The ratio of longer span to the shorter span is greater than two. As a result, the shorter span is subjected to bending.

Answer 17

more than

Question 18

Conventional Slab
The main reinforcements are provided in the shorter directions to resist the bending and the secondary reinforcements are provided in the longer direction.

Answer 18

One way slab

Question 19

__________ are also conventional slabs mostly rectangular in shape and supported on all four sides of a beam.

Answer 19

Two-way slabs

Question 20

In two-way slabs, the
longer span is __________twice the shorter span.

Answer 20

less than

Question 21

Two way slab
The ratio of longer span to shorter span is lesser than two. The deflected shape of the slab is like a __________ shape.

Answer 21

dish or saucer shape

Question 22

The two-way slabs are economical to a size of __m x __m.

Answer 22

6m x 6m

Question 23

Unlike conventional slabs, the loads are not transferred from the slabs to the beams in ____________ . Instead, the loads are transferred directly to the columns.

Answer 23

Flat Plate

Question 24

___________ are the modified version of flat plates with a column head and/or a drop panel cast monolithically with the slab. There are no beams present in the flat slabs but the drop panels and column
heads will transfer the loads smoothly to the columns.

Answer 24

Flat slabs

Question 25

Types of Flat Slab

Answer 25

a. Flat Slab with column heads b. Flat Slab with drop panels c. Flat Slab with column heads and drop panels

Question 26

Type of Flat slab The column heads are provided below the drop panels, and they are mostly sloping to meet the column dimensions. A flat slab with __________ increases the shear strength of the slab and reduces the moment in the slab by reducing the clear or effective span.

Answer 26

Flat Slab with column heads

Question 27

Type of Flat slab ___________ are square or rectangular in shape and increase the shear capacity of the slab. The __________ add deflection to the slab and thus minimize the deflections. A flat slab with ____________increases the shear strength of the slab and the negative moment capacity of the slab. It also stiffens the slab, hence reduces deflection.

Answer 27

Flat Slab with drop panels

Question 28

Type of Flat slab The flat slabs are mostly popular in unconventional structures without column symmetry. The_______ and __________ act as a special beam confined to that particular space. However, the formworks become complicated due to the need for column heads and drop panels.

Answer 28

Flat Slab with drop panels and column head

Question 29

Shear reinforcement in the form of shear heads, shear studs or stirrup cages may be embedded in the slab to enhance shear capacity at the edges of walls and columns.

Answer 29

Punching Shear

Question 30

_________ are lightweight slabs with hollow grid-like systems on their soffit. The hollow grid system reduces the self-weight of the slab without compromising its structural stability

Answer 30

Waffle slabs

Question 31

The grids are spaced at equal intervals, and they transfer the load from above to the beams. The space between the ribs is sometimes treated as a ________ and reinforced to increase the flexural rigidity of the slab.

Answer 31

Waffle Slab beam

Question 32

Slab that they can span long distances with ease

Answer 32

Waffle Slab

Question 33

The waffle slabs may have a _____ system or a _______ system where the bands of beam run throughout the slabs. The grids can be or any shape – square, rectangular, triangular etc.

Answer 33

grid system or girder system

Question 34

The volume of concrete used is much less compared to others.

Answer 34

Waffle Slab

Question 35

The recommended thickness of the waffle slab is ____ to ____ mm

Answer 35

85 to 100 mm

Question 36

The overall depth of the waffle slab is limited to ___ to ___mm.

Answer 36

300 to 600 mm.

Question 37

The width of beams or ribs provided in waffle slab are generally ___ to ___ mm.

Answer 37

110 to 200 mm

Question 38

The spacing of waffle slab, ribs recommended is ___ to ___ mm.

Answer 38

600 to 1500 mm.

Question 39

Reinforced waffle slabs can be constructed for a span of up to __meters while beyond that length prefabricated waffle slab is preferable.

Answer 39

16m

Question 40

Waffle slab requires only __% of concrete and ___% of steel from the concrete and steel used for the stiffened raft.

Answer 40

70% & 80%

Question 41

Waffle slab has several services like lighting, plumbing pipes, electrical wiring, air conditioning, insulation materials, etc. can be provided within the depth of the waffle slab by providing holes in the waffle bottom surface. This system is called a ________.

Answer 41

Holedeck

Question 42

A ______ has wide grids or bands of beams in the soffit of the beam whereas a waffle slab has deeper corresponding parts

Answer 42

ribbed slab

Question 43

main advantage of ribbed floors is the reduction in weight achieved by removing part of the concrete below the _______ axis.

Answer 43

neutral axis

Question 44

main advantage of ribbed floors is the reduction in weight achieved by removing part of the concrete below the ______________.

Answer 44

neutral axis

Question 45

Types of Methods of Slab Construction

Answer 45

slip form method lift slab

Question 46

Methods of Slab Construction ___________ is an alternative to the conventional formwork system which helps in continuous vertical and horizontal construction.

Answer 46

slip form method

Question 47

Methods of Slab Construction The __________ helps to conduct the continuous pouring of the concrete to the moving formwork. The process stops only when the required length of casting is completed.

Answer 47

Slip-form Method

Question 48

Applications of Slip-form Construction Method

Answer 48

a. Construction of Regular core high-rise structures b. Slipform Technique for Chimney Construction c. Construction of Steel Tanks d. Construction of Water Towers

Question 49

Methods of Slab Construction _________ slab construction is a precast method of constructing concrete buildings by casting the floor or roof slab on top of the previous slab and then raising the slab up with hydraulic jacks, so being cheaper and faster as it does not need forms & shores as it is needed for cast-in-place slabs.

Answer 49

Lift slab

Question 50

______________ construction is a precast method of constructing concrete buildings

Answer 50

Lift slab

Question 51

Methods of Slab Construction _________ is a type of pre-casting used in building construction involves casting floor and roof slabs at or near ground level and lifting them to their final position

Answer 51

Lift-slab

Question 52

Methods of Slab Construction The method Lifts slab was invented and developed in the early ____'s by a collaboration of ____________ and _________. Resulting in ________ Lift-Slab Method of Construction.

Answer 52

1950 Philip N. Youtz and Thomas B. Slick Youtz-Slick

Question 53

Methods of Slab Construction Factors of lifting the slabs

Answer 53

The sequence of lifting the slab is influenced by the following factors: * Weight of the slabs * Height of the building * Lifting capacity of jacks * Cross-sectional area of columns during initial lifting

Question 54

Methods of Slab Construction Sequence of lifting the slabs When it has matured it is sprayed with two or three coats of a separating medium consisting or what is called __________

Answer 54

bond breaker

Question 55

Methods of Slab Construction Sequence of lifting the slabs The slabs are lifted by ________, operating on top of each column, which is lifted by a pair of steel rods attached to each lifting collar while the slab is being raised.

Answer 55

hydraulic jacks

Question 56

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs

Answer 56

Hydraulic Jacks Lifting Collars Shear Blocks Bond Breakers

Question 57

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs This jack is a hydraulic piece of equipment which has positive safety devices on it. The jack can lift slabs on columns loaded up to _____ pounds at a speed of up to ____ feet an hour.

Answer 57

Hydraulic Jacks 100,000 pounds 14 feet

Question 58

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs ______________ are cast into each slab around each column providing a means to lift the slab and also providing shear reinforcement, slabs are fixed into the columns by welding shear blocks to the plates or welded column flanges and to the collar after the slab has been raised in its final position.

Answer 58

Lifting Collars

Question 59

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs __________ is a steel component used to hold the lifted slab in its final elevation.

Answer 59

Shear Blocks

Question 60

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs The main function of __________ is to minimize dynamic loads during lifting or stripping of precast members and permit their complete, clean separation from casting slabs or molds.

Answer 60

Bond Breakers

Question 61

Tools and Materials used in lifting the slabs In lift-slab construction, ________ compounds permit the slabs to be separated cleanly and easily from one another. Bond breakers include wax dissolve in a volatile spirit, polythene sheet or building paper may also be used.

Answer 61

Bond Breaking