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Intro to criminology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what is deviant behavior

A

behavior outside of the social norm

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2
Q

folkways

A

normalized norms
ex: brushing teeth

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3
Q

mores

A

guided by a moral compass, morally wrong
ex: murder

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4
Q

law

A

rules for behavior

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5
Q

Mala Prohibita

A

less serious, more common
ex: drug laws, speeding, gambling

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6
Q

Mala in se

A

everyone agrees its bad, more serious defenses
ex: murder, aggravated assault, forceful rape

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7
Q

Property crimes

A

most common part 1 offenses, been decreasing since 1970s, per 1,000
ex: burglary, larceny, arson, MVT

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8
Q

Violent Crimes

A

follows similar pattern to property but less common, been decreasing, per 10,000
ex: aggravated assaults, homicide, forceful rape

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9
Q

Official data

A

UCR and NIBERS,

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10
Q

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

A

reported offenses and crime collected by police and sent to FBI and started in 1930.

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11
Q

Part 1 Offenses

A

Homicide, Murder, Motor vehicle theft, aggravated assault, forcible rape, burglary, arson, more serious crime

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12
Q

Part 2 Offenses

A

Forgery, stolen Property, Vandalism, weapons, prostitution, sex offenses, other assaults

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13
Q

UCR limitations

A

doesn’t account for unreported crime and doesn’t have detail

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14
Q

NIBERS

A

started in 2021 better version of UCR and more in depth

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15
Q

NIBERS limitations

A

doesn’t account for unreported crimes

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16
Q

NCVS

A

survey households on crime that is reported and unreported
ex: aggravated assault, larceny, burglary, MVT, forceful rape

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17
Q

NCVS is good for measuring what?

A

The “Dark figure” of crime

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18
Q

NCVS limitations

A

asking to remember crime from past. people can also lie or not remember certain things but bounding fixes it.

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19
Q

Self- report surveys

A

surveys asking people mostly kids/teens in schools about crimes, convenient

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20
Q

Advantages/Limitations of self-reported surveys

A

A: fast and easy
L: don’t care, false reporting, large sample

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21
Q

Qualitative Interviews and field data

A

getting involved with groups and telling stories. descriptions of behaviors, places, meaning, etc.

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22
Q

How is Qualitative interviews and field data collected?

A

participant observation, interview methods (open ended), And case studies

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23
Q

Advantages/Limitations of qualitative interviews and field data

A

A: studying groups that are usually hard to study
L: not detailed and cost

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24
Q

what is a correlate?

A

a variable specifically associated with crime

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25
under-representation
Black people, 13-17 year olds, Hispanics
26
over-represented
asian/ Pacific Islanders
27
The Big 5 that correlates to crime
age, race, gender gap, location/poverty, socio-economic status
28
3 models of law
consensus, group conflict, class conflict
29
Consensus model
we all agree that crime is bad and law reflects this
30
class conflict model
power and wealth control everything like lower class. between rich and poor
31
group conflict model
law is a prize awarded to those with power rather than money or both. model assumes society is conflict and pluralism
32
3 levels of analysis
individual, structural, cross-level
33
individual level
a persons measure of criminal act, micro
34
structural
group, neighborhood, society, nation crime rates, macro
35
cross-level
combines both individual and group with criminal acts, social psychological and structural
36
Theory
used to understand the why is crime and social processes
37
measurement
who, what, where, how
38
Differential Association Theory
Crime is learned through trial and error, rules, primary groups, interactions, society expectations. level of analysis: micro, individual focus but also can be cross-level model: pluralist, group
39
learned elements according to DAT
Definitions, techniques, and opportunities
40
labeling Theory
behavior is not deviant until identified but all deviant behavior is criminal. result from interactions. level of analysis: cross level Model of law: pluralist, group important reactions from primary groups
41
primary vs secondary deviance
primary doesn't explain crime as secondary does. Individuals engage in primary deviance
42
Merton's theory of Anomie
U.S. has high crime rates from the "American dream" with jobs, house, family, means and goals. the ends also justify the means. level of analysis: macro, big Model of law: consensus
43
5 models of Anomie theory
conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreats, and rebellion
44
conformist
accept goal of success in society and approves means of achieving this
45
innovator
accepts the goal of success but rejects the means for achieving this
46
ritualist
will follow means and goals but won't get anywhere with this
47
retreats
rejection of both societal and approved means and ends
48
rebellion
rejects both means and goals and will do their own thing
49
institutional Anomie
extension of anomie theory - complete agreement and elaborates level of analysis: Macro Model of law: consensus Messner and Rosenfeld associated
50
key arguments on Anomie
Economics dominates in American Culture and affects other institutions like family, education, politics, criminal justice system
51
Routine Activities Perspective
varies from the theories as it's a theory of victimization level of analysis: macro/micro crime is explained by activities of peoples everyday lives; who, what where
52
three key components of RAP
motivated offender, suitable target, lack of capable guardianship
53
motivated offender
rational actors that try to maximize profit and minimize cost
54
suitable target
proximity and exposure, target attractiveness: routine schedule, objects easiness, and vulnerability
55
absence of capable guardianship
social and physical guardianship. presence or absence of someone might stop the crime from happening
56
central themes of conflict theory
crime as a label attached to a behavior of less powerful. powerful groups control the labeling and conflict over right and wrong
57
what do central theories question?
question the power and dominance
58
Quinney's conflict theory
law is a tool for powerful people and punish crime of working people and ignore ruling class
59
the news reports a story but alters some of it?
cherry-picking
60
smoking pot is immoral?
negative definition less likely

Intro to criminology (1 decks)

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