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Intro to criminology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is deviant behavior

A

behavior outside of the social norm

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2
Q

folkways

A

normalized norms
ex: brushing teeth

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3
Q

mores

A

guided by a moral compass, morally wrong
ex: murder

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4
Q

law

A

rules for behavior

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5
Q

Mala Prohibita

A

less serious, more common
ex: drug laws, speeding, gambling

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6
Q

Mala in se

A

everyone agrees its bad, more serious defenses
ex: murder, aggravated assault, forceful rape

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7
Q

Property crimes

A

most common part 1 offenses, been decreasing since 1970s, per 1,000
ex: burglary, larceny, arson, MVT

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8
Q

Violent Crimes

A

follows similar pattern to property but less common, been decreasing, per 10,000
ex: aggravated assaults, homicide, forceful rape

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9
Q

Official data

A

UCR and NIBERS,

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10
Q

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

A

reported offenses and crime collected by police and sent to FBI and started in 1930.

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11
Q

Part 1 Offenses

A

Homicide, Murder, Motor vehicle theft, aggravated assault, forcible rape, burglary, arson, more serious crime

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12
Q

Part 2 Offenses

A

Forgery, stolen Property, Vandalism, weapons, prostitution, sex offenses, other assaults

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13
Q

UCR limitations

A

doesn’t account for unreported crime and doesn’t have detail

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14
Q

NIBERS

A

started in 2021 better version of UCR and more in depth

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15
Q

NIBERS limitations

A

doesn’t account for unreported crimes

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16
Q

NCVS

A

survey households on crime that is reported and unreported
ex: aggravated assault, larceny, burglary, MVT, forceful rape

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17
Q

NCVS is good for measuring what?

A

The “Dark figure” of crime

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18
Q

NCVS limitations

A

asking to remember crime from past. people can also lie or not remember certain things but bounding fixes it.

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19
Q

Self- report surveys

A

surveys asking people mostly kids/teens in schools about crimes, convenient

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20
Q

Advantages/Limitations of self-reported surveys

A

A: fast and easy
L: don’t care, false reporting, large sample

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21
Q

Qualitative Interviews and field data

A

getting involved with groups and telling stories. descriptions of behaviors, places, meaning, etc.

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22
Q

How is Qualitative interviews and field data collected?

A

participant observation, interview methods (open ended), And case studies

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23
Q

Advantages/Limitations of qualitative interviews and field data

A

A: studying groups that are usually hard to study
L: not detailed and cost

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24
Q

what is a correlate?

A

a variable specifically associated with crime

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25
Q

under-representation

A

Black people, 13-17 year olds, Hispanics

26
Q

over-represented

A

asian/ Pacific Islanders

27
Q

The Big 5 that correlates to crime

A

age, race, gender gap, location/poverty, socio-economic status

28
Q

3 models of law

A

consensus, group conflict, class conflict

29
Q

Consensus model

A

we all agree that crime is bad and law reflects this

30
Q

class conflict model

A

power and wealth control everything like lower class. between rich and poor

31
Q

group conflict model

A

law is a prize awarded to those with power rather than money or both. model assumes society is conflict and pluralism

32
Q

3 levels of analysis

A

individual, structural, cross-level

33
Q

individual level

A

a persons measure of criminal act, micro

34
Q

structural

A

group, neighborhood, society, nation crime rates, macro

35
Q

cross-level

A

combines both individual and group with criminal acts, social psychological and structural

36
Q

Theory

A

used to understand the why is crime and social processes

37
Q

measurement

A

who, what, where, how

38
Q

Differential Association Theory

A

Crime is learned through trial and error, rules, primary groups, interactions, society expectations.
level of analysis: micro, individual focus but also can be cross-level
model: pluralist, group

39
Q

learned elements according to DAT

A

Definitions, techniques, and opportunities

40
Q

labeling Theory

A

behavior is not deviant until identified but all deviant behavior is criminal.
result from interactions.
level of analysis: cross level
Model of law: pluralist, group
important reactions from primary groups

41
Q

primary vs secondary deviance

A

primary doesn’t explain crime as secondary does. Individuals engage in primary deviance

42
Q

Merton’s theory of Anomie

A

U.S. has high crime rates from the “American dream” with jobs, house, family, means and goals. the ends also justify the means.
level of analysis: macro, big
Model of law: consensus

43
Q

5 models of Anomie theory

A

conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreats, and rebellion

44
Q

conformist

A

accept goal of success in society and approves means of achieving this

45
Q

innovator

A

accepts the goal of success but rejects the means for achieving this

46
Q

ritualist

A

will follow means and goals but won’t get anywhere with this

47
Q

retreats

A

rejection of both societal and approved means and ends

48
Q

rebellion

A

rejects both means and goals and will do their own thing

49
Q

institutional Anomie

A

extension of anomie theory - complete agreement and elaborates
level of analysis: Macro
Model of law: consensus
Messner and Rosenfeld associated

50
Q

key arguments on Anomie

A

Economics dominates in American Culture and affects other institutions like family, education, politics, criminal justice system

51
Q

Routine Activities Perspective

A

varies from the theories as it’s a theory of victimization
level of analysis: macro/micro
crime is explained by activities of peoples everyday lives; who, what where

52
Q

three key components of RAP

A

motivated offender, suitable target, lack of capable guardianship

53
Q

motivated offender

A

rational actors that try to maximize profit and minimize cost

54
Q

suitable target

A

proximity and exposure, target attractiveness: routine schedule, objects easiness, and vulnerability

55
Q

absence of capable guardianship

A

social and physical guardianship. presence or absence of someone might stop the crime from happening

56
Q

central themes of conflict theory

A

crime as a label attached to a behavior of less powerful. powerful groups control the labeling and conflict over right and wrong

57
Q

what do central theories question?

A

question the power and dominance

58
Q

Quinney’s conflict theory

A

law is a tool for powerful people and punish crime of working people and ignore ruling class

59
Q

the news reports a story but alters some of it?

A

cherry-picking

60
Q

smoking pot is immoral?

A

negative definition less likely

Intro to criminology (1 decks)

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