Exam 1

Question 1

who was Dorothea Dix?

Answer 1

she was the head of the U.S Sanitary commission

Question 2

who was Clara Barton?

Answer 2

Civil War nurse, created the American Red Cross

Question 3

who was Linda Richards?

Answer 3

America’s first trained nurse

Question 4

who was Lenah Higbee

Answer 4

superintendent of the US navy corps, awarded the navy cross

Question 5

who was Florence Nightingale/ what was her theory?

Answer 5

she focused on the environment and how it is affecting the patient (noise level, temp, etc)

Question 6

what was Hildegard Peplau’s theory?

Answer 6

she provided steps for how to foster a nurse-to-patient relationship. Orientation, working, resolution

Question 7

what was Virginia Henderson’s theory?

Answer 7

independence for the patient. get the patient back to independence, doing what they normally could

Question 8

what was Martha Rogers’ theory?

Answer 8

repetition helps develop wellbeing through patterns in an organized way

Question 9

what was Sister Callista Roy’s theory?

Answer 9

humans are an adaptive open system

Question 10

what was Dorothea Orem’s theory?

Answer 10

similar to Virginia Henderson- focus on patient independence and taking care of themselves- doing daily living tasks (brush teeth, bathe etc)

Question 11

what was Imogene King’s theory?

Answer 11

interactions, who the patient want to see, maybe clerical services

Question 12

what was Betty Neuman’s theory?

Answer 12

overall wellbeing for survival, addressing stressors

Question 13

what was Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s theory?

Answer 13

watching the patient how they change over time

Question 14

what was Jean Watson’s theory?

Answer 14

respect, good nurse qualities to be respectful to the patient

Question 15

describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 15

you need to address smaller factors before you can address bigger factors and more advanced concerns.

Question 16

describe Erikson’s psychosocial theory

Answer 16

addresses individual development through social interactions, relevant for understanding patient backgrounds.
Failure to resolve conflicts in one stage can affect subsequent stages, but these challenges can be revisited and resolved later in life

Question 17

describe Lewin’s change theory

Answer 17

be able to recognize a problem, use problem solving skills to solve it and reinforce the solution to meet the needs of the patient

Question 18

describe Paul’s critical thinking theory

Answer 18

become more skilled at analyzing, evaluating, and improving their thinking. It encourages deeper, more rational thought processes, which lead to better decision-making and problem-solving. creating a plan of action for how to best treat a patient

Question 19

describe Rosenstock’s health belief model

Answer 19

explains why people decide to take actions related to their health, like going to the doctor, exercising, or taking medicine. It focuses on individual beliefs about health conditions and their readiness to make changes. also explains why a patient might not comply with the recommended health practices

Question 20

the student would credit Florence Nightingale for which definition of nursing?

Answer 20

The imbalance between the patient and the environment decreases the capacity for health.

Question 21

A nurse is caring for a patient who lost a large amount of blood during childbirth. The nurse provides the opportunity for the patient to maintain her activity level while providing adequate periods of rest and encouragement. Which nursing theory would the nurse most likely choose as a framework for addressing the fatigue associated with the low blood count?

Answer 21

Roy’s Adaptation Model
Explanation: Roy’s Adaptation Model is based on the human being as an adaptive open system. The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept-group identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence. Stressors result in illness by disrupting the equilibrium.

Question 22

The nurse recognizes which nursing theorist who described the relationship between the nurse and the patient as an interpersonal and therapeutic process?

Answer 22

Hildegard Peplau
Explanation: Hildegard Peplau focused on the roles played by the nurse and the interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient. The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation, (2) working, consisting of two subphases: identification and exploitation, and (3) resolution.

Question 23

which term identifies the most abstract level of knowledge?

Answer 23

Metaparadigm
Explanation: A metaparadigm, as the most abstract level of knowledge, is defined as a global set of concepts that identify and describe the central phenomena of the discipline and explain the relationship between those concepts. For example, the metaparadigm for nursing focuses on the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing.

Question 24

Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key concepts that form the foundation for all nursing theories are:

Answer 24

person, environment, health and nursing

Question 25

The nurse-patient relationship as described by Hildegard Peplau:

Answer 25

Facilitates the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals
Explanation: Her model describes how the nurse-patient relationship can facilitate the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals to enhance patient and family well-being.

Question 26

belief definition

Answer 26

mental representation of reality or a person’s perceptions about what is correct, true, or real, or what the person expects to happen in a given situation. Beliefs are going to impact me as a nurse and as a professional.

Question 27

Zero-order beliefs

Answer 27

most are unconscious, such as object permanence

Question 28

first-order beliefs

Answer 28

conscious, typically based on direct experiences. Serve as the foundation or a belief system. These begin to form in early childhood from experiences. They are derived from culture, religion, experiences, and education. Ex) most nurses are females.

Question 29

higher-order beliefs

Answer 29

generalizations or ideas derived from first order beliefs and reasoning.

Question 30

values definition

Answer 30

what a person considers good, the best and the right things to do. The opposites too what is bad, wrong. Standards that guide us to make a decision.

Question 31

importance of values in nursing

Answer 31

how values and beliefs shape nursing practice, patient interactions, and ethical decision-making

Question 32

value conflict

Answer 32

when there is an actual or perceived difference between two or more belief systems

Question 33

values clarification

Answer 33

a therapeutic process that allows individuals to consider, clarify, and prioritize their personal values.

Question 34

generalizations

Answer 34

general statements about people or things

Question 35

stereotype

Answer 35

depiction of a person, group or event thought to be typical of all others in that category. Sometimes people use stereotypes to rationalize biases

Question 36

prejudice

Answer 36

preformed opinion, usually unfavorable about a group of people based on irrational feelings or inaccurate stereotypes.

Question 37

value system

Answer 37

helps the person choose between alternatives, resolve value conflicts and make decisions.
to determine a patient’s values and beliefs, nurses must listen and ask question

Question 38

compassion

Answer 38

force that impels and empowers one to recognize, acknowledge and act to alleviate human suffering.

Question 39

sympathy

Answer 39

to have pity for another’s situation. Feeling for someone

Question 40

empathy

Answer 40

ability to understand or share the feelings of another. Feel with someone, go through everything with them

Question 41

compassion fatigue

Answer 41

physical and emotional exhaustion and an extreme inability to empathize. Nurses are vulnerable to this especially with stressful patient interactions. Self-care is a must! You need to take care of yourself to avoid this.

Question 41

respect

Answer 41

acknowledging and honoring the dignity, rights, and values of all individuals

Question 42

integrity

Answer 42

adherence to moral and ethical principles, maintaining honesty and transparency

Question 43

Accountability

Answer 43

taking responsibility for one’s actions and the outcomes of patient care

Question 44

excellence

Answer 44

striving for the highest standards in nursing practice and continuing professional development.

Question 45

holistic health

Answer 45

all aspects of care not just their illness. Body, mind, spirit. Physical, mental, emotional, spiritual.

Question 46

patient centered care

Answer 46

the needs of the patient come first

Question 47

cultural competence

Answer 47

recognize and respect cultural differences in patient care

Question 48

lifelong learning

Answer 48

the belief that continuous education and professional growth, grow in your career

Question 49

Madeleine Leininge

Answer 49

theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality
- Transcultural nursing, emphasizing the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences in patient care.
- Cultural groups have distinct ways of caring for their health
- Goal: to provide culturally inline care that aligns with patients’ needs and leads to better health outcomes.

Question 50

Jean Watson

Answer 50

Theory of Human Caring
- Places caring at the heart of nursing and defines it as a moral, ethical, and spiritual practice that promotes healing and health.
- Carative factors that guide caring such as kindness and creating a healing environemt.
- Holistic healing
- Goal: to promote healing by recognizing the holistic needs of patients, not just treating their physical ailments.

Question 51

Kristen Swanson

Answer 51

Theory of Caring
- Deliver care in a way that helps patients achieve well-being.
- 5 caring processes: knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, maintaining belief
- Goal: to support patients in ways that promote their dignity, autonomy and ability to heal

Question 52

Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer

Answer 52

Theory of Nursing as Caring
- Nursing as an expression of caring and emphasizes that all huma beings are inherently caring.
- Patients are not just recipients of care but as participants in caring
- Mutual caring relationship: relationship of mutual care between the nurse and the patients, where both are recognized as caring individuals.
-Goal: to recognize and honor the caring essence in every individual, creating a space where healing can occur naturally

Question 53

A group of nursing students are discussing the impact of nonnursing theories in clinical practice. The students would be correct if they chose which theory to prioritize patient care?
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Paul’s Critical-Thinking Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model

Answer 53

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 54

A nursing student is preparing study notes from a recent lecture in nursing history. The student would credit Florence Nightingale for which definition of nursing?
- The imbalance between the patient and the environment decreases the capacity for health.
- The nurse needs to focus on interpersonal processes between nurse and patient.
- The nurse assists the patient with essential functions toward independence.
- Human beings are interacting in continuous motion as energy fields.

Answer 54

• The imbalance between the patient and the environment decreases the capacity for health.

Question 55

The nurse identifies which nurse established the American Red Cross during the Civil War?
Dorothea Dix
Linda Richards
Lena Higbee
Clara Barton

Answer 55

Clara Barton

Question 56

A nurse is caring for a patient who lost a large amount of blood during childbirth. The nurse provides the opportunity for the patient to maintain her activity level while providing adequate periods of rest and encouragement. Which nursing theory would the nurse most likely choose as a framework for addressing the fatigue associated with the low blood count?
Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
Roy’s Adaptation Model
Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings

Answer 56

Roy’s Adaptation Model

Question 57

The nurse recognizes which nursing theorist who described the relationship between the nurse and the patient as an interpersonal and therapeutic process?
Virginia Henderson
Betty Neuman
Imogene King
Hildegard Peplau

Answer 57

Hildegard Peplau

Question 58

The nurse manager is interviewing graduate nurses to fill existing staffing vacancies. When hiring graduate nurses, the nurse manager realizes that they will probably not be considered “competent” until they complete which task?
They graduate and pass NCLEX.
They have worked 2 to 3 years.
Their last year of nursing school.
They are actually hired.

Answer 58

They have worked 2 to 3 years.

Question 59

A newly licensed registered nurse is curious about the scope of care that he or she has in caring for patients undergoing conscious sedation. Which would be the best source of information for this nurse?

Answer 59

Nurse Practice Act
Explanation: Nurse practice acts provide the scope of practice defined by each state or jurisdiction and set forth the legal limits of nursing practice.

Question 60

The nurse is conducting a health assessment on a patient from a foreign country. Which concepts should be addressed by the nurse during the interview?
Food preferences
Religious practices
Health beliefs
Family orientation
Politics

Answer 60

Food preferences
Religious practices
Health beliefs
Family orientation

Question 61

When a nursing class volunteers to serve hot meals at a local homeless shelter on a Saturday afternoon, which term identifies this focus on serving the community?
Altruism
Accountability
Autonomy
Advocate

Answer 61

Alturism

Question 62

The nurse administers a medication to the patient and then realizes that the medication had been discontinued. The error is immediately reported to the physician. The nurse recognizes which term that identifies complying with the standards of professional performance?
Ethics
Socialization
Altruism
Autonomy

Answer 62

Ethics

Question 63

What specific aspect of a profession does the development of theories provide?
Altruism
Body of knowledge
Autonomy
Accountability

Answer 63

Body of knowledge

Question 64

Health care workers are discussing a diverse group of patients respectfully and are being responsive to the health beliefs and practices of these patients. What important aspect of nursing professional practice are they exhibiting?
Autonomy
Accountability
Cultural competence
Autocratic leadership

Answer 64

Cultural competence

Question 65

A nurse has performed a physical examination of the patient and reviewed the laboratory results and diagnostics on the patient’s chart. The nurse is performing which specific nursing function?
Diagnosis
Assessment
Education
Advocacy

Answer 65

Assessment

Question 66

An RN on a medical‐surgical unit is making assignments at the beginning of the shift. Which of the following tasks should the nurse delegate to the LPN?
A) Obtain vital signs for a client who is 2 hr postprocedure following a cardiac catheterization.
B) Administer a unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client who has cancer.
C) Instruct a client who is scheduled for discharge in the performance of wound care.
D) Develop a plan of care for a newly admitted client who has pneumonia.

Answer 66

A) Obtain vital signs for a client who is 2 hr postprocedure following a cardiac

Question 67

Which characteristic of a profession involves members making independent decisions within their scope of practice and being responsible for the outcomes of those decisions?
A) Body of Knowledge and Research
B) Autonomy
C) Accountability
D) Licensure

Answer 67

B) Autonomy

Question 68

A nurse manager is observing the actions of a nurse they are supervising. Which of the following actions by the nurse requires the nurse manager to intervene? (Select all that apply.)
A) Reviewing the health care record of a client assigned to another nurse
B) Making a copy of a client’s most current laboratory results for the provider during rounds
C) Providing information about a client’s condition to hospital clergy
D) Discussing a client’s condition over the phone with an individual who has provided the client’s information code
E) Participating in walking rounds that involve the exchange of client‐related information outside clients’ rooms

Answer 68

A) Reviewing the health care record of a client assigned to another nurse
B) Making a copy of a client’s most current laboratory results for the provider during rounds
C) Providing information about a client’s condition to hospital clergy
E) Participating in walking rounds that involve the exchange of client‐related information outside clients’ rooms

Question 68

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies altruism in the nursing profession?
A) A nurse prioritizes personal gain over patient care
B) A nurse dedicates her life to selflessness and serving her patients and community.
C) A nurse documents patient information quickly to save time.
D) A nurse refuses to provide care to certain patients based on personal beliefs.

Answer 68

B) A nurse dedicates her life to selflessness and serving her patients and community.

Question 69

A nurse working in a busy hospital encounters a situation where the physician prescribes a medication that the nurse believes could have serious adverse effects on the patient. The nurse has discussed their concerns with the physician, but the physician insists on the medication’s administration. What is the nurse’s most appropriate course of action based on ethical principles?
A) Administer the medication as prescribed to avoid conflict with the physician.
B) Consult with the patient and administer the medication if the family consents.
C) Refuse to administer the medication and notify the nursing supervisor.
D) Administer a lower dose of the medication without the physician’s knowledge.

Answer 69

C) Refuse to administer the medication and notify the nursing supervisor.

Question 70

A nurse is faced with a moral dilemma when asked to administer a medication to a patient against the patient’s wishes, even though the medication is prescribed by the healthcare provider. What should the nurse do based on ethical principles?
A) Administer the medication as prescribed, as it’s the nurse’s duty to follow orders.
B) Administer a placebo instead of the prescribed medication to avoid conflict.
C) Seek advice from colleagues about what to do without informing the patient.
D) Respect the patient’s autonomy and decision, and discuss the concerns with the healthcare provider.

Answer 70

D) Respect the patient’s autonomy and decision, and discuss the concerns with the healthcare provider.

Question 71

A nurse on a medical-surgical floor is responsible for caring for a group of post-operative patients. The nurse has assessed the patients and identifies the need for wound dressing changes for several patients. Which of the following actions by the RN is appropriate in delegating this task to an LPN?
A) Delegate the wound dressing changes to the LPN, as it falls within their scope of practice.
B) Inform the LPN about the need for wound dressing changes but perform the task independently to ensure accuracy.
C) Delegate the task to a certified nursing assistant (CNA) to free up the LPN for medication administration.
D) Collaborate with the LPN on the dressing changes but ultimately complete them personally.

Answer 71

A) Delegate the wound dressing changes to the LPN, as it falls within their scope of practice.

Question 72

A nurse has completed the required nursing education program and passed the NCLEX-RN examination. Which of the following statements accurately describes the nurse’s current licensure status?
A) The nurse is now eligible to practice as an RN without any further requirements.
B) The nurse’s licensure is temporary and must be renewed every year.
C) The nurse’s licensure allows them to practice in one specific state only.
D) The nurse’s licensure is indefinite and does not require any renewal or continuing education.

Answer 72

C) The nurse’s licensure allows them to practice in one specific state only.

Question 73

When caring for a patient, an LPN recognizes a significant change in the patient’s vital signs. What is the LPN’s appropriate action?
A) Implement independent nursing interventions to address the changes.
B) Continue monitoring the patient’s vital signs without taking further action.
C) Document the changes in the patient’s chart for later review.
D) Notify the registered nurse or appropriate licensed healthcare provider.

Answer 73

D) Notify the registered nurse or appropriate licensed healthcare provider.

Question 74

A nurse is caring for a diverse group of patients in a healthcare facility. Which action by the nurse best demonstrates an understanding of the importance of diversity in nursing practice?
A) The nurse primarily communicates with patients who share a similar cultural background to ensure better understanding.
B) The nurse provides the same standard of care to all patients, regardless of their cultural or ethnic backgrounds.
C) The nurse seeks opportunities for cultural competence training and education to provide individualized care.
D) The nurse avoids discussing cultural differences with patients to prevent potential discomfort.

Answer 74

C) The nurse seeks opportunities for cultural competence training and education to provide individualized care.

Question 75

what are the 5 patterns of nursing

Answer 75

emancipatory, ethical, personal, aesthetic, empiric

Question 76

describe emancipatory knowing

Answer 76

issues of social justice

Question 77

describe ethical knowing

Answer 77

nature of right and wrong

Question 78

describe personal knowing

Answer 78

awareness of self and others

Question 79

describe aesthetic knowing

Answer 79

unique meaning and intent in nursing situations

Question 80

describe empiric knowing

Answer 80

how things work and the nature of what we can know through sensory experiences

Question 81

what are the 5 steps in the nursing process

Answer 81

assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluating

Question 82

what is the referent

Answer 82

initiating event or thought that leads one person to interact with another

Question 83

what is the sender

Answer 83

they encode messages by translating their thoughts of feelings into communication

Question 84

what is the message

Answer 84

the contact transmitted during communication, lots of factors that impact a message (tone, time, emotion, education)

Question 85

what is the channel

Answer 85

any of the 5 senses can be used as channels
ex) call for help= auditory communication

Question 86

what is the receiver

Answer 86

person who receives the information, they need to decode the conversation and sort out what is important

Question 87

what is the feedback

Answer 87

asking questions to better understand what is being asked, make sure I have the correct info before I relay it on

Question 88

ways to communicate nonverbally

Answer 88

body language, eyes and facial expressions, touch, voice inflection

Question 89

ways to communicate verbally

Answer 89

written communication, electronic communication,

Question 90

what is intrapersonal communication

Answer 90

self-talk, focuses on the needs of one’s well-being

Question 91

what is interpersonal communication

Answer 91

between 2 or more people, can be informal or formal

Question 92

what is interprofessional communication

Answer 92

effective collaborative communication among members of a healthcare team

Question 93

SBAR

Answer 93

situation, background, assessment, recommendations

Question 94

SOLER

Answer 94

sit, open, lean, eye contact, relax