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DENT 3000 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

case 1-3 (86 cards)

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1
Q

Clinical crown

A

tooth above the gumline, exposed to the oral cavity

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2
Q

anatomical crown

A

from CEJ (cementoenamel junction) to cusps

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3
Q

periodontal ligaments

A

fibers that connect the tooth to the alveolar bone

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4
Q

enamel

A

outer calcified tissue

covers the anatomical crown

no living cells, cannot repair damage from decay/wear but can strenghthen with fluoride

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5
Q

gingiva

A

soft tissues that protect the roots of teeth

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5
Q

pulp chamber

A

soft tissue at the center of tooth

contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue

lined by odontoblasts

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6
Q

dentin

A

beneath enamel and cementum

most of tooth

contains dentinal tubules that allows heat/cold to stimulate the nerves > sensitivity if enamel is worn

causes tooth color

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7
Q

alveolar bone

A

bone that surrounds roots of the teeth

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8
Q

root canal

A

chamber of tooth root that contains the pulp

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9
Q

cementum

A

hard connective tissue that covers the tooth root

if exposed through gingival recession causes sensitive to temp

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10
Q

ameloblasts

A

form the enamel

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11
Q

odontoblasts

A

form the dentin

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12
Q

pulp canal

A

in tooth roots

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13
Q

pulp chamber

A

in tooth crown

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14
Q

periodontium

A

made of gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

cements the tooth in place

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15
Q

periodontal ligament

A

collagenous connective tissue fibers

holds tooth to its socket

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16
Q

factors that influence the oral cavity

A
  • diet (incl. vitamins)
  • stage of development

-medical conditions

-socioeconomic status

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17
Q

carbohydrates affect oral cavity

A

monosaccharides = quick metabolism > rapid decrease in pH and more acid in plaque

they are more cariogenic than complex sugars.

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18
Q

proteins affect oral cavity

A

lack of protein affects structural integrity of dentition, can decay the structure supporting teeth and delays healing.

if within 0-12 months of life: can affect tooth eruption, tooth loss and increased caries risk

excess protein: decreased Ca2+ retention and bone health

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19
Q

fats affect on oral cavity

A

omega 3 fats decrease inflammation (aka periodontal disease)

can prevent caries as they prevent carbs from adhering to teeth

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20
Q

leading cause of dental caries

A

diet deficiencies and high sugar intake

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21
Q

demineralization

A

pH LESS than 5.5

sugary diets

loss of calcium, phosphate and carbonate

plaque is cariogenic and forms white spot (reversible) if untreated can cause cavitated lesion

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22
Q

remineralization

A

pH greater than 5.5

healthy plaque, balanced diet, fluoride

gain of minerals, reforms hydroxyapatite crystals

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23
Q

macrominerals

A

needed in larger amounts (100+ mg)

Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl

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24
microminerals/ trace elements
small amounts needed (few mg) Fe, Zn, I, F, Cr, Co, Mn, Mo, Se,
25
Calcium
most abundant mineral 99% in skeleton (bones/teeth) involved in bone remodeling and various functions
26
calcium deficiency
most common in women an lead to osteoporosis needed for teeth mineralization
27
phosphorus
85% in bones + teeth function: bone development, buffer, metabolism, cell structure all P thats ingested is absorbed
28
phosphorus deficiency
causes enamel + dentin hypoplasia
29
hypoplasia
underdevelopment
30
Fluoride
deposited in bones and teeth from water/soil gives us demineralization resistance prevents plaque formation improved tooth morphology quick absorption in stomach water = best source of F
31
fluoride deficiency/excess
deficiency: increased caries risk excess: fluorosis = patches in enamel
32
flouride in tooth decay
forms calcium fluorapatite which is more stable that calcium hydroxyapatite decreases tooth decay
33
caries
caused by tooth demineralization, break down of enamel can remineralize if reaches pulp = pulpitis most common disease in children
34
types of caries
smooth surface pit and fissure (occlusal) root cavity
35
radiolucent
dark, soft tissue ex: caries
36
radioopaque
light, hard tissue Ex: restoration
37
radiographs
can't tell active from arrested caries need examination too caries is deeper than it appears, 30% decay needed to see on xray
38
bitewing/ interproximal
shows contact points between distal surface and alveolar bone level detect caries + periodontal bone loss best for detection caries on posterior teeth
39
PA
shows crowns, contact points, roots, + surrounding bone can see infection at apicies, alveolar lesions or caries in anterior teeth
40
gingival structure: alveolar mucosa
tissue beyond the mucogingival junction less attached and more red non-keratinized, softer and flexible for cheek and lip movement
41
gingival structure: attached gingiva
adjacent to free gingiva keratinized, attached to bone
42
gingival structure: free gingiva
not attached forms collar around the tooth sulcar epithelium attaches it to the tooth
43
sulcus
trough around the tooth 1-3 mm
44
gingival margin
boarder of gingiva that touches the tooth
45
interdental papillae
fill space between adjacent teeth the pointy edge that fills interdental space
46
muco-gingival junction
line that divides attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa
47
hydroxyapatite crystals
made of calcium and phosphate ions primary mineral found in tooth enamel start forming before teeth erupt
48
enamel strength
more minerals = stronger enamel to protect against acid
49
bacterial acid
streptococcus mutans metabolize sugars and produce acids > low pH in mouth and demineralizs the tooth
50
early caries lesion
white spot (reversable)
51
sealants
applied to molars in children to prevent pit and fissure cavities
52
assessments
dentists assess the patients as a whole to understand how their medical history affects their oral health.
53
assessment techniques
1. inspection: use vision/smell/hearing to look for abnormalities 2. Palpation: using hands to feel for abnormalities 3. percussion: tapping fingers/instruments 4. auscultation: listening with a stethoscope
54
bimanual palpation
use both hands to feel structure ex: a gland
55
bilateral palpation
palpating both sides of the body at the same time ex: lymph nodes
56
digital palpation
use 1 finger to asses tissues ex: intraoral structures
57
TMJ exam
uses inspection, palpation and ausculation
58
thyroid exam
palpation, ask pt to swallow and stick tongue out need thyroid collar for x rays should not be visible
59
goiter
abnormal enlargement symptoms: coughing, hard to breathe, hoarseness, hard to swallow
60
follicular epithelial cells
secrete tyrosine derived hormones and thyroglobulin
61
c cells
secrete calcitonin
62
colloid
storage depot of thyroid hormones
63
T3 vs T4
T3 = active form
64
hypothyroidism
deficiency of TH can be born with underdeveloped thyroid
65
primary hypothyroidism
problem with thyroid most common= autoimmune destruction (hashimotos) antibodies destroy the gland or block TH synthesis
66
secondary hypothyroidism
problem with pituitary
67
tertiary hypothyroidism
problem with hypothalamus
68
when is removal of thyroid necessary
pt has hyperthyroidism, goiter, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer
69
causes of hypothyroidism
1. radiation treatment: pt had hyperthyroidism and radioactive iodine killed cells 2. medications that interfere with TH production 3. Iodine deficiency (rare)
70
diagnosis of hypothyroidism
low lvls of T3 + T4 defect in thyroid = high TSH bc neg fb defect in Hypo, pit = low TSH bc not produced
71
TRH vs TSH
regulating: secreted from hypothalamus stimulating: from thyrotrophs in ant. pituitary
72
role of TSH
increases synthesis and secretion of TH trophic effect on thyroid gland when TSH is high for too long and causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia
73
hypertrophy
enlargement of organ
74
hyperplasia
lots of cell growth
75
TH synthesis
tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin are iodated stored in thyroid follicles
76
T3/T4 circulation
bound to plasma proteins or free
77
thyroid disease symptoms
delayed wound healing, prone to infections, eexcess mucopolyscaccharides (cant constrict blood vessels), hemostasis
78
treatment of hypothyroidism
levoxyl (synthetic T4) can cause dry mouth > inc caries risk, bad breath, periodontal disease
79
signs of infection
swelling, bad breath, bitter taste, pain, fever, sensitivity, swollen glands or jaw radiolucency exudate or pus from gingival sulcus
80
fistula
gum absess
81
dry mouth (xerostomia relief)
xylitol, limit caffeine, no alcohol mw, no tobacco, drink h2o
82
synonymn for thyroiditis
hashimotos
83
iodine deficiency
causes congenital hypothyroidism can cause intellectual disability
84
3'/5' monodeiodinase
converts t4 to t3
85
physiological effects of hypothyroidism
inc Na/K atpase activity, inc o2 consumed, bmr and heat production promotes bone formation and growth th= essential for maturation of CNS TSH induces the synthesis of b1 receptors and inc HR and contractility

DENT 3000 (1 decks)

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