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Pharm > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscarinic Agonist (Cholinergics)

A

Bethanechol
Pilocarpine

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2
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists
(Anti-Cholinergics)

A

Atropine
Oxybutynin (Ditropan) *overactive bladder
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Broncho-dialation

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3
Q

Competitive
(Non-depolarizing) Neuromuscular Blocker

A

“-curonium”
Vecuronium
Rocuronium

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4
Q

Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker

A

Succinylcholine

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5
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

“-stigmine”
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Edrophonium

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6
Q

Adrenergic Agonists
(Sympathomimetics)

A

“EvEry Nurse Pees Daily And Is Drained”

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7
Q

Epinephrine & Ephedrine

A

A1 A2 B1 B2
Tx: Cardiac arrest & anaphylaxis!
Ephedrine used to be for weight loss

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8
Q

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

A

A1 A2 B1
Tx: hypotension in hospital settings
“If they’re on Levophed, leave’’em dead”

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9
Q

Phenylephrine

A

A1
Tx: local = nasal congestion
IV = Tx hypotension

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10
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1
Tx: HF

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11
Q

Albuterol

A

B2
Tx: Broncho dilation for asthma

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12
Q

Isoproterenol

A

B1 B2
Tx: broncho dilation but also effects on heart, not specific

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13
Q

Dopamine

A

Low dose = dopamine receptors
Mid dose = B1
High dose = A1
Tx: Shock, HF, acute renal failure

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14
Q

Alpha 1 Antagonists

A

“-zosin or -azosin”
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin (Flomax)

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15
Q

Beta Antagonists
“Beta Blockers”

A

“-olol”
Non specific = Propranolol
Specific = Metoprolol (B1 only)
-ino
-chrono
-dromo

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16
Q

Cardiac Glycoside

A

Digoxin
- chronotrope
- dromotrope
+ inotrope

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17
Q

Alpha 2 agonist

A

Clonidine

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18
Q

Osmotic Diuretic

A

Mannitol
Veryyy strong diuretic

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19
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide

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20
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Chlorothiazide
1st line HTN drug

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21
Q

K-Sparing Diuretic
Aka
Aldosterone Antagonist

A

Spironolactone

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22
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

“-pril”
Captropril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
COUGH

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23
Q

“APRIL” mnemonic

A

Angioedema
Potassium increase
Recurrent cough
Itchy skin
Lowers BP

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24
Q

ARBs
(Angiotensin receptor blockers)

A

“-sartan”
Losartan
Valsartan
WILL NOT BE ON IF RISK OF ANGIOEDEMDA!

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25
Q

Entresto
(Sacubitril/Valsartan)

A

ARB + Neprilysin Inhibitor (inhibits breakdown of Naturetic Peptides)

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26
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor

A

“-ren”
Aliskiren

27
Q

CCB: Dihydropyridines

A

“-ipine”
Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Blocks Ca channels in vascular smooth muscle ONLY

28
Q

CCB: non-Dihydropyridines

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Block Ca channels in vessels AND heart

29
Q

Na Channel Blocker Class 1A

A

Quinidine
Procainamide
slight effect on K channels as well

30
Q

Na Channel Blocker Class 1B

A

Lidocaine
no effect on K channels, actually accelerates repolarization

31
Q

K Channel Blockers

A

Amiodarone
Cardio, liver, pulmonary toxic!

32
Q

Adenosine

A

Inhibits Ca influx by inhibiting cAMP
temporary flat line

33
Q

Nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin
NitroBid (paste)
NitroDur (patch) my
isosorbide Monoitrate
Sodium nitroprusside

34
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

“-statins”
Simvastatin
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

35
Q

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

A

2nd line following statins! Blocks intestinal absorption of cholesterol, binds to it and you poop it out

36
Q

Niacin (vit B3)

A

Reduces synthesis of triglycerides in liver

37
Q

Muscarinic Agonist side effects

A

SLUDGEM for toxicity
Antidote = mus antagonist
Resp: bronchoconstriction
CV: Brady, hypotension
GI: diarrhea
GU: increased bladder pressure (urgency/frequency)

38
Q

Muscarinic Antagonist Side Effects

A

Resp: thick, viscous secretions
CV: HTN, tachy
GI: dry mouth, constipation
GU: urinary retention
Antidote = cholinesterase inhibitor. Build up ACh to knock antagonist off receptors

39
Q

Non-depolarizing (competitive) Neuromusclar blocker Side Effects

A

Respiratory Arrest
Possible hypotension
Antidote = cholinesterase inhibitor, Competes w/ blocker for receptor activation

40
Q

Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker Side Effects

A

*Malignant hyperthermia!!
Tx w/ Dantrolene!
Hyperkalemia !

41
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitor Side Effects

A

Can cause cholinergic crisis!
Resp: Bronchoconstriction , laryngospasm
CV: bradycardia
GI: excessive salivation
GU: urinary urgency
At extreme levels uncontrolled voiding and defecating , paralysis
Tx: muscarinic antagonist (ATROPINE) , mechanical vent

42
Q

Alpha 1 agonist side effects

A

HTN, reflex bradycardia, tissue necrosis if infiltration of IV (widespread vasoconstriction would prevent perfusion to tissue)

43
Q

Beta 1 agonist side effects

A

Tachy, angina

44
Q

Beta 2 agonist side effects

A

Hyperglycemia d/t glycogenolysis by liver
Muscle tremors

45
Q

Alpha 1 antagonist side effects

A

Orthostatic HTN
Reflex tachy
Nasal congestion
Erectile Dysfunction
Increased urinary output

46
Q

Beta Antagonist side effects

A

Brady
reduced CO
Could cause AV heart block
Non-specific: bronchoconstriction & hypoglycemia

47
Q

Digoxin Side Effects
(Cardiac Glycoside)

A

Dysrhythmias!
Decreased automaticity of SA and conductivity of AV nodes
GI upset
“Yellow halos”
Highly protein bound

48
Q

Clonidine Side Effects
(Alpha 2 Agonist, inhabits NE release)

A

Rebound HTN if stopped abruptly
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Embryotoxic!! Black box warning!

49
Q

Mannitol Side Effects
(Osmotic diuretic)

A

Not for HTN or HF!
Edema if infiltrates
Crystallizes at room temp, draw with filter, filter on IV

50
Q

Loop Diuretic Side Effects

A

Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
OTOTOXICITY!!

51
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Side Effects

A

Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hypochloremia
RETENTION OF URIC ACID, GOUT!

52
Q

K-sparing Diuretic Side Effects
(Aldosterone Antagonists)

A

Hyperkalemia
If also on Digoxin, digoxin loses its effect due to competition from K

53
Q

ACE inhibitor side effects

A

Biggest is DRY COUGH!!! APRIL =
Angioedema
Potassium increase
Recurrent Cough
Itchy skin
Lowers BP

54
Q

ARB Side Effects

A

Angioedema is a risk if it occurred with ACEi! Otherwise generally well tolerated
Cost prohibitive

55
Q

Dihydropyridine CCB Side Effects

A

Dizziness
Flushing
Reflex Tachy
Gingival hyperplasia (swelling of the gums)
Peripheral edema

56
Q

Non-dihydropyridine CCB Side Effects

A

Dizziness
Flushing
Bradycardia
Heart Block

57
Q

Class 1A Na Channel Blocker Side Effects

A

DIARRHEA IN 1/3 OF PTS!
Highly protein bound, could displace Dig

58
Q

Class 1B Na Channel Blocker Side Effects

A

MASS =
Muscle Twitching
Altered CNS (Confusion)
Slurring
Seizures

59
Q

Amiodarone
(K Channel Blocker)
Side Effects

A

TOXIC!
Cardiotoxic
Thyroid Toxic (contain iodine)
Hepatotoxic
Pulmonary Toxic (inflammation of alveoli)

60
Q

Nitrate Side Effects

A

Headache
Orthostatic hypotension
*cannot be taken with ED drugs !

61
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Side Effects

A

RHABDOMYOLYSIS!
Muscle pain
Coca-cola urine!!
Hepatotoxic!

62
Q

Ezetimibe (Zetia) Side Effects

A

RHABDOMYOLYSIS if combined with statins!

63
Q

Niacin Side Effects

A

Flushing
itching, hot flashes
Hepatoxicity
(Aspirin can prevent flushing)

64
Q
A

Pharm (6 decks)

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