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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscarinic Agonist (Cholinergics)

A

Bethanechol
Pilocarpine

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2
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists
(Anti-Cholinergics)

A

Atropine
Oxybutynin (Ditropan) *overactive bladder
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Broncho-dialation

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3
Q

Competitive
(Non-depolarizing) Neuromuscular Blocker

A

“-curonium”
Vecuronium
Rocuronium

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4
Q

Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker

A

Succinylcholine

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5
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A

“-stigmine”
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Edrophonium

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6
Q

Adrenergic Agonists
(Sympathomimetics)

A

“EvEry Nurse Pees Daily And Is Drained”

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7
Q

Epinephrine & Ephedrine

A

A1 A2 B1 B2
Tx: Cardiac arrest & anaphylaxis!
Ephedrine used to be for weight loss

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8
Q

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

A

A1 A2 B1
Tx: hypotension in hospital settings
“If they’re on Levophed, leave’’em dead”

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9
Q

Phenylephrine

A

A1
Tx: local = nasal congestion
IV = Tx hypotension

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10
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1
Tx: HF

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11
Q

Albuterol

A

B2
Tx: Broncho dilation for asthma

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12
Q

Isoproterenol

A

B1 B2
Tx: broncho dilation but also effects on heart, not specific

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13
Q

Dopamine

A

Low dose = dopamine receptors
Mid dose = B1
High dose = A1
Tx: Shock, HF, acute renal failure

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14
Q

Alpha 1 Antagonists

A

“-zosin or -azosin”
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin (Flomax)

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15
Q

Beta Antagonists
“Beta Blockers”

A

“-olol”
Non specific = Propranolol
Specific = Metoprolol (B1 only)
-ino
-chrono
-dromo

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16
Q

Cardiac Glycoside

A

Digoxin
- chronotrope
- dromotrope
+ inotrope

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17
Q

Alpha 2 agonist

A

Clonidine

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18
Q

Osmotic Diuretic

A

Mannitol
Veryyy strong diuretic

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19
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide

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20
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Chlorothiazide
1st line HTN drug

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21
Q

K-Sparing Diuretic
Aka
Aldosterone Antagonist

A

Spironolactone

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22
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

“-pril”
Captropril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
COUGH

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23
Q

“APRIL” mnemonic

A

Angioedema
Potassium increase
Recurrent cough
Itchy skin
Lowers BP

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24
Q

ARBs
(Angiotensin receptor blockers)

A

“-sartan”
Losartan
Valsartan
WILL NOT BE ON IF RISK OF ANGIOEDEMDA!

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25
Entresto (Sacubitril/Valsartan)
ARB + Neprilysin Inhibitor (inhibits breakdown of Naturetic Peptides)
26
Direct Renin Inhibitor
“-ren” Aliskiren
27
CCB: Dihydropyridines
“-ipine” Nifedipine Amlodipine *Blocks Ca channels in vascular smooth muscle ONLY*
28
CCB: non-Dihydropyridines
Verapamil Diltiazem *Block Ca channels in vessels AND heart*
29
Na Channel Blocker Class 1A
Quinidine Procainamide *slight effect on K channels as well*
30
Na Channel Blocker Class 1B
Lidocaine *no effect on K channels, actually accelerates repolarization*
31
K Channel Blockers
Amiodarone *Cardio, liver, pulmonary toxic!*
32
Adenosine
Inhibits Ca influx by inhibiting cAMP *temporary flat line*
33
Nitrates
Nitroglycerin NitroBid (paste) NitroDur (patch) my isosorbide Monoitrate Sodium nitroprusside
34
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
“-statins” Simvastatin Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
35
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
2nd line following statins! Blocks intestinal absorption of cholesterol, binds to it and you poop it out
36
Niacin (vit B3)
Reduces synthesis of triglycerides in liver
37
Muscarinic Agonist side effects
SLUDGEM for toxicity Antidote = mus antagonist Resp: bronchoconstriction CV: Brady, hypotension GI: diarrhea GU: increased bladder pressure (urgency/frequency)
38
Muscarinic Antagonist Side Effects
Resp: thick, viscous secretions CV: HTN, tachy GI: dry mouth, constipation GU: urinary retention Antidote = cholinesterase inhibitor. Build up ACh to knock antagonist off receptors
39
Non-depolarizing (competitive) Neuromusclar blocker Side Effects
Respiratory Arrest Possible hypotension Antidote = cholinesterase inhibitor, Competes w/ blocker for receptor activation
40
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker Side Effects
*Malignant hyperthermia!! Tx w/ Dantrolene! Hyperkalemia !
41
Cholinesterase Inhibitor Side Effects
Can cause cholinergic crisis! Resp: Bronchoconstriction , laryngospasm CV: bradycardia GI: excessive salivation GU: urinary urgency At extreme levels uncontrolled voiding and defecating , paralysis Tx: muscarinic antagonist (ATROPINE) , mechanical vent
42
Alpha 1 agonist side effects
HTN, reflex bradycardia, tissue necrosis if infiltration of IV (widespread vasoconstriction would prevent perfusion to tissue)
43
Beta 1 agonist side effects
Tachy, angina
44
Beta 2 agonist side effects
Hyperglycemia d/t glycogenolysis by liver Muscle tremors
45
Alpha 1 antagonist side effects
Orthostatic HTN Reflex tachy Nasal congestion Erectile Dysfunction Increased urinary output
46
Beta Antagonist side effects
Brady reduced CO Could cause AV heart block Non-specific: bronchoconstriction & hypoglycemia
47
Digoxin Side Effects (Cardiac Glycoside)
Dysrhythmias! Decreased automaticity of SA and conductivity of AV nodes GI upset “Yellow halos” *Highly protein bound*
48
Clonidine Side Effects (Alpha 2 Agonist, inhabits NE release)
Rebound HTN if stopped abruptly Drowsiness Dry mouth Embryotoxic!! Black box warning!
49
Mannitol Side Effects (Osmotic diuretic)
Not for HTN or HF! Edema if infiltrates *Crystallizes at room temp, draw with filter, filter on IV*
50
Loop Diuretic Side Effects
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypotension OTOTOXICITY!!
51
Thiazide Diuretic Side Effects
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypochloremia RETENTION OF URIC ACID, GOUT!
52
K-sparing Diuretic Side Effects (Aldosterone Antagonists)
Hyperkalemia If also on Digoxin, digoxin loses its effect due to competition from K
53
ACE inhibitor side effects
Biggest is DRY COUGH!!! APRIL = Angioedema Potassium increase Recurrent Cough Itchy skin Lowers BP
54
ARB Side Effects
Angioedema is a risk if it occurred with ACEi! Otherwise generally well tolerated Cost prohibitive
55
Dihydropyridine CCB Side Effects
Dizziness Flushing Reflex Tachy Gingival hyperplasia (swelling of the gums) Peripheral edema
56
Non-dihydropyridine CCB Side Effects
Dizziness Flushing Bradycardia Heart Block
57
Class 1A Na Channel Blocker Side Effects
DIARRHEA IN 1/3 OF PTS! *Highly protein bound, could displace Dig*
58
Class 1B Na Channel Blocker Side Effects
MASS = Muscle Twitching Altered CNS (Confusion) Slurring Seizures
59
Amiodarone (K Channel Blocker) Side Effects
TOXIC! Cardiotoxic Thyroid Toxic (contain iodine) Hepatotoxic Pulmonary Toxic (inflammation of alveoli)
60
Nitrate Side Effects
Headache Orthostatic hypotension *cannot be taken with ED drugs !
61
HMG-CoA Reductase Side Effects
RHABDOMYOLYSIS! Muscle pain Coca-cola urine!! Hepatotoxic!
62
Ezetimibe (Zetia) Side Effects
RHABDOMYOLYSIS if combined with statins!
63
Niacin Side Effects
Flushing itching, hot flashes Hepatoxicity (Aspirin can prevent flushing)
64

Pharm (6 decks)

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