Exam 1 Flashcards
List the ways Christians think about Jesus
Jesus is the Messiah
Son of God
Fully divine and fully human (as confirmed by the Council of Ephesus and others)
Part of the Trinity (Confirmed by Council of Nicaea)
List the points made by Roman historians concerning Jesus Christ
Jesus was seen as a figure of heresy and blasphemy by Roman authorities
The Romans viewed Christianity as a disruptive force within the empire
TF Christianity is the only major faith to focus its attention on the death of its founder.
True
TF The precise date of the birth of Jesus is a significant issue for Christians
False
TF Most of Jesus’ teachings about the Kingdom of God are expressed in parables
True
Identify the main elements of the gospels’ resurrection narratives
Jesus is crucified, buried, and resurrected on the 3rd day
The first witnesses to the resurrection are women
Jesus appears to the disciples after His resurrection
TF Early Christianity was an officially recognized religion in the Roman Empire and has always been able to engage in public worship
False (Not until the Edict of Toleration and the Edict of Milan)
Identify the New Testament titles for Jesus
Messiah
Lord
Savior
Son of God
Identify emperors responsible for persecution of Christians
Nero
Diocletian
Decius
This emperor saw a heavenly vision which ordered him to place a sign of the cross on his soldiers’ shields
Constatine
This person helped to establish Christianity in Ireland
St. Patrick
Anselm’s motto was
Faith seeking understanding
TF Scholastic theology is not considered the intellectual landmark of the Middle Ages
False
Who wrote Summa Theologiae, considered the most famous work of scholastic theology
Thomas Aquinas
The Septuagint is:
The Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible
The destruction of the Second Jewish Temple occurred in
70 CE
List the tenets of Gnosticism
The material world is a mistake and prison, true reality is spiritual, salvation is through knowledge (gnosis), Jesus only appears to be human, and there is a distinction between the highest, unknown god and the lesser deity who created the world
This group developed from the college of elders and became the leaders of the early church
The bishops
This person believed that the Old Testament God was only concerned with justice
Marcion
List the responses to heresy
Councils and creeds
Excommunication
Persecution or exile
Distinguish the elements of Greek culture the early Christians participated in from those elements they refused to participate in
Participated- egalitarianism, care for widows/orphans, thoughts on slavery
Did not participate- Pagan religious practices, idol worship, theater, athletics, military, and government
TF The early church was known for the care of widows and orphans
True
Identify who approved and did not approve of Greek philosophy within the church
Approved - Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus
Not approved - Tertullian (Tution?)
This emperor blamed Christians for a fire that devastated Rome
Nero
List the reasons that Romans persecuted Christians
Christianity was illegal, Christians were atheists, idiots, criminals, bad citizens, and ate babies
TF Roman persecution tended to be systematic and empire-wide
False
Identify the Apologists’ response to persecution
Ask for fair treatment, criminal activity is against Christianity, Christians are desirable citizens, Greek philosophy supports supreme God, Christians pray for empire, Christians care for orphans and widows
These two categories were created as a result of persecution
Martyrs and confessors
This edict brought an end to the persecution of Christians
The Edict of Tolerance and Milan
This man is typically seen as the first Christian emperor
Constantine
List the impacts of Constantine on the church
Legalized Christianity, Built churches, called the Council of Nicaea, increased wealth and prestige of bishops, merged political and religious power
This council was called by Constantine and declared that Christ was the same substance as the Father
Council of Nicaea (325 CE)
This group declared that Christ was a subordinate thing to being the Father
Arians/Arianism
Who were the Cappadocian Fathers
Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of Nazianzus
This person was a tireless defender of the Council of Nicaea and homoousios
Athanasius
This is the Latin translation of the Bible completed by Jerome
The Vulgate
List the major contributions of Augustine
His theology echoes through the Middle Ages, developed imago Dei theology, Trinitarian impact, original sin passed from parents, denied imperial theology, doctrine of Purgatory
List the factors in the rise of the papacy
Location, model for Apostolic succession, bold claims (Eastern controversy), Theological Mediation, esteem for Peter, push missionary endeavors, outstanding popes
TF The veneration of icons was important in Eastern Christianity
True
The Byzantine Empire was centered in which city
Constantinople
This person bridges the early and medieval church
Gregory the Great (Augustine?)
TF Pippin was unable to come to an alliance with Pope Zachary
False
This event occurred on Christmas, 800 CE
Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III
Identify the characteristics of the Carolingian Renaissance
Secular matters- education, scientific investigation, first universities
Church matters- Mandatory Sundays off, tithe through taxes, Bible with pictures (Poor Man’s Bible), preaching in vernacular, appoint/remove bishops, fund monasteries
TF In the Middle Ages, most were educated and could read the Bible for themselves
False
Identify the reason for the split between the East and West
Papal claims of authority, emperor claims (caesaropapism), married vs single clergy, leavened vs unleavened bread, justification or deification
This person preached a sermon which lead to the first crusade
Pope Urban II
This Crusade ended up conquering the city of Constantinople
4th (1204)
This group was initially focused on absolute poverty as the goal
Franciscans
This group was founded as a means to evangelize the poor heretics
Dominicans
This intellectual tradition began in the schools and considered the relationship between faith and reason
Scholasticism
List the prominent Scholastics
Thomas Aquinas, Anslem, Peter Abelard, Peter Lombard, Albert Magnus, William of Okham, Bonaventure
TF Investiture is a ceremony whereby power is given to a subordinate
True
TF The appointing of a bishop was never an issue between the kings and popes within feudalism
False
This pope refused to be elected by Henry III and insisted on being elected by the Roman people
Pope Leo IX
This pope is typically considered as the height of medieval papal power
Pope Innocent III
This king was able to exert authority over Pope Boniface VIII
King Philip IV of France
This is the city where the papacy resided from 1307-1377
Avignon
TF The conciliar theory holds that the papacy is superior to a general council
False
This council brought an end to the presence of three simultaneous Popes
Council of Constance
