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Biology lab > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Parts of a Microscope

A

Ocular Lens, Nosepiece, Objective lenses, stage, stage clip, condenser lens, Iris diaphragm, Light source, Stage controls, course adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob.

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2
Q

Ocular Lens

A

Allows the positioning of our eyes so that we can view the specimen that is placed on the stage of the microscope

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3
Q

Nosepiece

A

Ring-like structure above objective lenses

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4
Q

Objective lenses

A
  1. 4x low power (scanning) objective
  2. 10x medium power objective
  3. 40x high power objective
  4. 100x oil immersion objective
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5
Q

Stage Clips

A

allow the positioning of the slide to ensure the slide does not move while trying to view the specimen

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6
Q

Condenser lens

A

gathers and focuses light on specimen
becomes more important when using a higher magnification

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7
Q

Iris Diaphragm

A

Controls amount of light on the sample

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8
Q

light source

A

at the base of the microscope

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9
Q

stage controls

A

moves the stage left or right and backwards or forwards

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10
Q

course adjustment knob

A

make large increments moving towards the top or bottom
on the left side

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11
Q

fine adjustment knob

A

works on focusing the image, bring into sharper focus
on the right side

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12
Q

Resolving power

A

the smallest distance by two neighboring points can be separated and still be discerned as separate entities

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13
Q

Total magnification

A

magnification of the ocular x magnification of the objective being used

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14
Q

Field of view

A

area of light presented by each objective-ocular combination

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15
Q

depth of field or depth of focus

A

vertical distance that will remain in focus at any particular point and is a constant value for each of the objectives

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16
Q

Parfocal

A

When object is in focus under low power and it is also in focus under medium and high power

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16
Q

Measuring Diameter of Field of View

A

higher magnification=lower field of view

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17
Q

Measuring the Depth of Focus

A

Higher magnification=equal or less depth of focus

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18
Q

Amyloplast

A

starch storage granules

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19
Q

Acid

A

substance or molecule that donates H+ to solution (more protons)

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20
Q

Base

A

substance or molecule that take H+ from solution (less protons)

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21
Q

Strong acids

A

hydrochloric acid, HCI
A greater amount of molecules in a strong acid will ionize when placed in an aqueous solution

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22
Q

Weak acids

A

Acetic acid, CH3COOH
Less molecules in a strong acid will ionize when placed in an aqueous solution

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23
Q

Strong bases

A

remove a greater number of hydrogen ions from a solution

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24
Weak bases
removes an equivalent number of molecules of a weak base
25
pH scale
0-14 Lower number=acid solutions Higher number= basic solutions
26
pH of water
7-Midpoint
27
pH of lemon juice
2
28
pH of baking soda
9
29
pH of sodium hydroxide
14
30
pH less than 7
has more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
31
pH more than 7
has fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
32
Buffers
substances which resist changes in pH
33
Molarity
The term that expresses the concentration of a given acidic or basic solution
34
Molar solution
means of expressing the quantity of a solute in a given volume of solution
35
Mole
equal to gram-molecular mass
36
pH equation
pH= -log[H+]
37
Selectively Permeable
doesn't allow all substances to penetrate the plasma membrane
38
potential energy
energy that is stored or inactive
39
Diffusion
the process of which molecules (ions) move from a region of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
40
Kinetic energy
energy of motion
41
solute
the substance being dissolved
42
Solvent
substance used to dissolve the solute
43
Passive diffusion
random movements and kinetic energy of the solute and solvent molecules
44
equilibrium
the point at which the solute is equally dispersed
45
active transport
solute molecules may move against a concentration gradient
46
Osmosis
diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane from a region in which it is highly concentrated to a region where the concentration in lower
47
Osmotic pressure
measure of its tendency to draw water molecules into it by osmosis
48
Electrolytes
substances which dissolve into ions when in solution
49
Isotonic solutions
solutions that have the same osmotic pressure as intracellular solutions No net osmosis of water molecules into or out of the cells
50
Hypotonic solutions
they swell up They have a lower osmotic pressure than solution inside the cells Water molecules outside the cell move down their concentration gradient into the cell
51
Osmotic hemolysis
rupture of the red blood cells due to the influx of water
52
Hypertonic solutions
They shrivel up Have a higher osmotic pressure than the solution inside the cells A net osmosis of water molecules takes place from inside the cells to the outside
53
True solution
homogenous mixture of water and one or more solutes that are very small molecules or particles less than 1 nanometer in size
54
Colloidal Solution
mixtures of water and particles which range from over 1 millionth of a millimeter to 1/2000 millimeter
55
Brownian movement
random movement of colloidal particles in solution
56
Dialysis
separation of the crystalloids of a solution from the colloids of a solution
57
Tests to identify carbohydrates
Benedicts Test Iodine potassium iodide (I2KI) Test
58
Test to identify lipids
Sudan dye test
59
Determine the concentration of protein
Lowry procedure
60
what causes the denaturation of protein
Mercury salts
61
RNA contains
Uracil instead of thymine
62
DNA contains
deoxyribose instead of ribose
63
Diphenylamine Reagent
Determination of DNA
64
Benedicts Solution
Reacts with the aldehyde or ketone groups in the linear forms of monosaccharides
65
Can sucrose open and resume the linear form?
No
66
What does sucrose not react with
Benedicts solution
67
Reducing sugars
most monosaccharides and disaccharides cause reduction
68
Low concentration of reducing sugars
yellowish-green color
69
High concentration of reducing sugars
Orange-red color
70
Starch (amylose) gives what color
deep blue-black color
71
Glycogen gives what color
orange-yellow (amber) color
72
Sudan Dye is what color
Red
73
Bright red dye=
positive test
74
Lowry Method
involve binding of copper in alkaline solution with peptide linkages of proteins
75
benedicts solution
Detects reducing sugars Blue=no reducing sugars, green= +result, yellow= ++result, Orange= +++ result, and Red=++++result, greatest quantity detectable
76
Iodine test
Detects starch and glycogen Yellow= - no starch or glycogen, Black= + starch present, Amber= +glycogen present
77
Sudan dye test
detects lipids Turns bright red when mixed with lipids
78
Lowery Method
detects concentration of proteins Higher protein concentration= more densely colored solution= higher absorbance
79
Mercury Test
detects proteins proteins are denatured and form a white precipitate when combined with HgCI2
80
Diphenylamine test
detects DNA darker blue=more DNA

Biology lab (1 decks)

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