exam 1 Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
what organ is the first to receive oxygenated blood from the coronary arteries?
A
heart
2
Q
carry blood AWAY from the heart…
A
arteries
3
Q
carry blood TO the heart…
A
veins
4
Q
do veins or arteries have valves?
A
veins
5
Q
capillaries are located…
A
between the arteries and the veins
6
Q
order of vein we take blood from usually
A
- median 2. cephalic 3. basilic
7
Q
median vein is located where on the arm
A
middle
8
Q
cephalic vein is located where on the arm
A
outside or in line with the thumb
9
Q
basilic vein is located where on the arm
A
inside of the arm or inner elbow
10
Q
2 main portions of blood in the body…
A
- formed elements like RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
- fluid called PLASMA
11
Q
fibrin clots do what?
A
uses up coagulation factors and entraps formed elements (cells)
12
Q
the fluid remaining after coagulation/clotting is called?
A
SERUM
13
Q
if there’s a clot the liquid is **, if it’s just in the body it’s ***
A
serum, plasma
14
Q
yes or no… do PST tubes have anticoagulant in them?
A
yes
15
Q
TAT
A
turn around time
16
Q
routine
A
bulk of hospital testing, and result availability may vary with test ordered (TAT- up to 24 hours)
17
Q
STAT
A
collect, process, and test immediately (TAT - 1 hour)
18
Q
critical values
A
life threatening results
19
Q
fasting
A
refrain from eating or drinking for a set period of time of time
20
Q
outpatient
A
not admitted to hospital aka ambulatory
21
Q
inpatient
A
admitted to hospital
22
Q
donning
A
- hand sanitizer
- gown
- face shield
- gloves
23
Q
doffing
A
- gloves
- hand sanitizer
- face shield
- gown
- wash hands
24
Q
what is the most important step in specimen collection?
A
patient identification
25
does serum contain coagulation factors
no
26
if no clot (anti coagulated) what does it mean
coagulation factors in the plasma
27
- doing checks before collection, see an error on the order, what should u do?
call the ordering physician for clarification
28
- what is hemoconcentration caused by?
leaving tourniquet on too long
29
- which urine specimen is optimal for a culture and sensitivity?
midstream urine
30
- why do we exercise the plunger on the syringe before collection?
to break the seal so the plunger won’t stick
31
- what is not a proper aliquoting technique?
recapping the aliquot tubes with the original tubes
32
- which anticoagulant does not act by chelating(removing) calcium?
lithium heparin (anti thrombin)
33
grey top tube has what additives in it
potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride
34
- what do we check for to ensure the patient has stopped bleeding?
oozing and mounding
35
- what is the last choice of vein in the antecubital area?
basilic
36
- what does ambulatory mean?
move on their own and outpatient
37
- what is not a sign that a tourniquet may be too tight?
tourniquet indents the patients skin
38
- Ischemia means?
temporary deficiency of blood to an area
39
when veins and arteries that are plugged with scar tissue is what
- schlorost
40
- inflammation of the wall of the vein is what?
phlebitis
41
- CLSI recommends that serum/plasma and cells be separated within…
within 2 hours
42
- spin down a clot tube from collection time (red or gold) for how long?
30-60 minutes
43
- what carries deoxygenated blood away form the heart?
pulmonary arterties
44
- speed of the centrifuge is referred to as?
RPM
45
- post centrifugation; an SST sample has fibrin strands what would cause this?
the specimen had an insufficient clotting time
46
- which unlabeled specimen would you try to fix/correct?
suprapubic urine collection because it’s the most invasive
47
- what formed elements would u expect to find in the blood?
erythrocyte and leukocyte and platelets(thrombocytes)
48
- tube collection draw in order:
blood cultures, NaCit, mint pst, lavender edta
49
- when is it ok to let the patient leave?
after you’ve checked the collection site and taped it
50
- what type of blood do phlebotomists typically collect?
venous blood
51
- you collect one tube but the vein collapses, you miss the 2nd attempt, what do u do next?
ask another phlebotomist to try or try again with a syringe if it was only ur first attempt
52
- what is in red plastic non additive tubes to aid platelet activation?
silica particles
53
- how are arteries different from veins?
arteries have no valves
54
- what specimen would be rejected by a MLA in accessioning?
a tube missing the patient PHN
55
- a patient must give written consent to have blood collected from their foot?
FALSE, doctor has to give consent
56
hand and foot veins may be used for venipuncture collection?
true
57
what veins are best when poking from the hand
dorsal hand veins
58
what vein is best for foot pokes?
saphenous grin is the preferred site
59
don’t take blood from the foot if the patient has?
diabetes
60
in a grey top tube what is sodium fluoride
antiglycolytic, stops metabolism of glucose by blood cells
61
in a grey top tube what is the sodium oxalate
anticoagulant
62
random urine
collected for general screen of physical health
63
first morning
most concentrated
64
midstream urine
used for routine microbiology culture and sensitivity
65
24 hour or timed urine
total column of urine voided in a 24 hour period
66
pediactric urine
aka bagged
67
catheterized urine
inserted into bladder via urethra
68
suprapubic urine
invasive!!! can’t be recollected
69
blood alcohol test is ordered what cleaning products can be used on their arm before collection?
chlorhexidine gluconate
70
compliance with diet restrictions should be checked…
after identifying the patient
71
prior to collection the arm should be cleansed with…
70% isopropanol
72
a tourniquet is left on for 4 mins before collection, this prolonged application has caused venous stasis which leads to
decreased plasma volume
73
where should the tourniquet be placed
3-4 inches above puncture site
74
when using a winged infusion set for venipuncture and a coagulation test has been ordered, you need to
draw a NaCit discard tube first
75
during venipuncture, vigorous pumping of the hand
may result in erroneous potassium results
76
immediately following a needle stick exposure the phlebotomist needs to
rinse, report to supervisor and go to ER
77
an evacuated tube draws +\- 10% of the stated volume on the label. if a 6 ml EDTA tube is collected, what is the range of volume of blood in the tube?
5.4-6.6mL
78
anticoagulants are
substances that prevent clotting
79
if you spin a PST tube for a chem test and the gel doesn’t migrate properly you should
quickly remove the plasma to another labeled tube
80
a heparin tube which contains a gel separator should sit for
15-30 mins at room temp for clotting
81
an order arrives for STAT bilirubin and CBC on a neonate in the NICU. what’s the correct order of draw
lavender and amber
82
evacuated tubes
withdraw a predetermined volume due to vacuum
83
can tubes be spun immediately upon arrival to lab
yes
84
how much volume is required in a tube according to CLSI
+\- 10%
85
what is the ratio of light blue tubes
9:1
86
what is the ratio of light blue tubes
9:1
87
the order of draw for micro collection is
bilirubin, EDTA, Plasma
88
anticoagulant mode of action for NaCit is that it chelates calcium and therefore clot formation is inhibited T of F
true
89
the anticoagulant mode of action for heparin is interference with thrombin formation T of F
true
90
tubes containing heparin as an anticoagulant may also have either lithium or sodium in them T of F
true
91
a phlebotomist needs to collect a CBC and INR and a potassium on an inpatient. identify the tubes by colour and in the correct order of draw
light blue, green, lavender
92
which needle gauge indicates the smallest bore or lumen
22
tip: smaller gauge number, larger the lumen
93
the part of the syringe that shows measurements in mL or cc is called the
barrel
94
which additive can inhibit glucose metabolism in by red cells
sodium fluoride
95
after centrifugation which tubes final fluid portion will be plasma
any tube with an anticoagulant in it will produce plasma as the fluid portion after spinning
96
according to health canada, wearing gloves will protect the phlebotomist by reducing the column of blood from a needle stick injury by?
50%
97
a patient indicates “implied consent” when they
extend their arm when asked to do so
98
unidentified patients in the ER
may have blood draw ONLY if they have received a temporary identification band
99
if the phlebotomist has a STAT collection on a patient and they are currently with their doctor, the phlebotomist should
say excuse me and ask permission to proceed with collection
100
during the morning rounds the phlebotomist walks into patients room and they are sleeping. the phlebotomist needs to?
touch the side of the bed to gently wake the patient
101
when the phlebotomist realizes their patient is unconscious, what is the proper procedure to follow?
request help during the collection in case of any sudden movements
102
when collecting a good specimens from a small child, the approach that is NOT recommended is?
tell the child the procedure will not hurt
103
plasma
fluid portion of whole blood including the coagulation factors
104
serum
fluid portion of blood without coagulation factors, which were used up in making the clot
105
ven/o or phleb/o
vein
106
aort/o
aorta
107
arteriol/o
arteriole
108
vas/o or vascul/o
vessel or duct
109
angi/o
vessel
110
atri/o
atrium
111
atri/o
atrium
112
cardi/o
heart
113
tourniquet on too tight
petechiae
114
what angle should u enter the arm at
never enter >15 degrees of <30 degrees
115
plasma separator tubes (PST) contain what
heparin anticoagulant and a gel separator
116
serum separator tubes (SST) contain what
clot activator to activate coagulation also gel separator
117
when having a PST tube do you have to wait for blood to clot?
no.
118
EDTA, Heparins, Sodium Citrate, and Potassium oxalate are what
anticoagulants
119
order of draw
blood cultures
nacit tubes
serum (SST) (red)
heparin (PST) (mint)
EDTA (lav)
fluoride (grey)
120
Stop Buying Soup Goats Love Grass
S- sterile (blood cultures)
B- blue
S- serum
G- green
L- lavender
G- gray
121
is the order of fill the same as order of draw?
yes
122
timed means?
the scheduled or timed collection of an ordered specimen
123
ischemia means
deficiency of blood to an area
124
what’s allowed when fasting
water and prescription drugs
125
hemolysis
damaged RBCs
126
lipemic
appear cloudy, to much fat and lipids in blood
127
icteric
contains high levels of bilirubin usually range in colour from dark yellow/green to bright yellow
128
serum tubes need to be spun in centrifuge for how long?
10 mins at 1000-1300 RCF
129
PST tubes need to be in the centrifuge for how long?
10 mins at 1000-1300 RCF
130
NaCit tubes need to be spun in centrifuge for how long?
15 mins at 1500 RCF
131
which artery is located near the basilica vein
brachial artery
132
pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries T or F
true
133
the inner most layer of the heart is the
endocardium
134
the node in the heart that is referred to as the pacemaker is the
sinotrial node
135
plasma is the fluid of the blood that does NOT contain clotting factors T or F
false
136
the chamber of the heart that has the thickest muscled wall is the ?
left ventricle
137
approximately how much pericardial fluid is found in the pericardial cavity?
50 mL
138
into what chamber does oxygenated blood enter the heart?
left atrium
139
what area of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the hearts venous system?
coronary sinus
140
all veins in the body carry deoxygenated blood except the?
pulmonary veins
141
the reason the heart is a deep purple colour is bc
presence of myoglobin
142
is a midwife legally allowed to request a lab test on a patients sample?
yes
143
only a physician can fill out a req
false
144
blood tube that is delivered to the hematology bench is
Whole EDTA
145
reject all grossly hemolzed specimens, they are unsuitable for testing T or F
false
146
most histology specimens arrive in the lab in what?
formalin
147
a sample that arrives in the lab unlabeled is always rejected T or F
false
148
a blood tube for an ammonia test requires?
to be spun immediately upon arrival in a refrigerated centrifuge
149
first morning urine is the recommended sample for *** testing
cytology
150
in the heart the base =
upper part
151
in the heart the apex =
pointed end
152
pericardium
helps protect from infection and trauma by a double walled outer sac
153
outer layer of the pericardium is called
fibrous pericardium
154
inner layer of the pericardium is the
serous pericardium
155
serous pericardium consists of two layers:
parietal layer: lines inside of fibrous
visceral layer: covers outer surface of heart muscle
156
the pericardial cavity or space divides the *** and *** pericardium
parietal and visceral
157
what does serous pericardial fluid do
lubricates the surfaces of the pericardial space and allows the heart to move easily while it pumps
158
what are the three tissue layers of the heart wall
endo, myo, and epicardium
159
endocardium is
innermost layer
160
myocardium is
thick middle layer that forms most of the heart wall
161
epicardium is
outer layer, also called the visceral layer
162
4 hollow chambers in the heart what are they
2 atria and 2 ventricles
163
the upper chambers include and do what
right atrium and left atrium
these chambers RECEIVE blood
164
the right atrium receives **** blood from the body
deoxygenated blood
165
the left atrium receives *** blood from the lungs
freshly oxygenated blood
166
the lower chambers include the
right and left ventricle
the thickest of the 4 chambers
167
the ventricles job is to
PUMP blood
168
the right ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs for oxygenation
169
the left ventricle pumps blood to
the body
170
the heart has 4 one way valves which include
2 atrioventricular valves and 2 semilunar valves
171
what do the heart valves do
allow blood to flow through the heart chambers in ONE direction only
172
AV valves separate
the atria from the ventricles
173
the 2 important tissues associated with the atrioventricular valves are the
chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles
174
chordae tendineae is
the connective tissue that serves as “strings” that are attached to the cusps of the AV valves
without these blood would re enter through atria when the ventricles are contracting
175
papillary muscles are
cardiac muscle that extend into the ventricles and attach to the ends of the chordae tendineae
176
SL valves
stop blood flowing back into ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary arteries
177
2 phases of the cardiac cycle are
systole phase and diastole phase
178
systole
contraction phase
179
diastole
relaxation phase
180
diastole
relaxation phase
181
superior vena cava
returns blood from upper portion of the body
182
inferior vena cava
returns blood from the lower portion of the body
183
coronary sinus is
collection of veins that collect and return deoxygenated blood from the heart
184
all arteries in the body carry *** blood except the ***
oxygenated, pulmonary arteries
185
all veins in the body carry *** blood except the ***
deoxygenated, pulmonary veins
186
the presence of myoglobin does what to the colour of the heart
deep purple colour
187
plasma is the fluid portion of whole blood….
including coag factors
188
serum is the fluid portion of blood…
without the coag factors
used up in making the clot
189
depolarization comes before repolarization? true or false
TRUE
190
SST contain a ****** to activate ***
clot activator to activate coagulation
191
PST contain **** and a ***
heparin anticoagulant and a gel separator
192
advantage of collecting in a PST is that…
you don’t have to wait 30 mins for the specimen to clot before centrifugation
193
tubes with gel separator must be spun within *** of collection
2 hours
194
SBSGLG
sterile
blue
serum
green(mint)
lavender
gray (fluoride)
195
capillary collections what tube is always first
EDTA
196
petechiae
small red spots on skin surface caused by bleeding under the skin
197
edema
interstitial fluid trapped in tissues resulting in a puffy appearance
198
CVC
central venous catheter
199
PICC
peripherally inserted central catheter
200
implanted port
small chamber that is surgically inserted beneath the skin
201
heparin lock
device inserted into a VAD to enable access for administration of medication and blood collection
202
any tube with an anticoagulant in it will produce plasma as the fluid portion after spinning? t or f
TRUE
203
which additive can inhibit glucose metabolism in by red cells?
sodium fluoride
