Exam #1 Flashcards
The four spheres are:
Atmosphere: gasses that surround our planet from the surface to space
Biosphere: all living things
Geosphere: All rocks, minerals, soils, etc
and hydrosphere: All of earths water
gasses that surround our planet from the surface to space
Atmosphere
all living things
Biosphere
All rocks, minerals, soils, etc
Geosphere
All of earths water
hydrosphere
A set of things working together as a parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network
What is this called?
A System
An _____ system freely exchanges both matter and energy with its environment
(example, ocean, receives water and sediment from rivers, and rain, and then evaporation. Receives energy from sun and can re-emmitt that back into the world)
open
A ______ system ONLY exchanges energy with its environment, NO MATTER (solar system as an example)
closed
A lake is a ____ system
open
a balloon (over a short period of time) is an ____ system
closed
a flower is an _____ system
open
a thermos of hot soup is a _____ system
closed
Movement of matter and energy between spheres or between reservoirs (storehouses) within a sphere
What is this called? (starts with F)
Flux
The ____ of flux varies drastically between spheres and with different types of matter
rate
the recharge is GREATER than the discharge
This is a p_____ flux
positive flux
discharge is greater than the recharge (such as a draught)
this is a n______ flux
negative flux
The earth formed ____ billion years ago in a process that took approximately _ to __ million years
4.6 billion
5 to 20 million years
The earth formed __ billion years ago
4.6
Collision with a smaller planet (Theia) created the ____
moon
Cooling and density contrasts lead to formation of the earth’s L____s
layer’s
What are the four major layers of the earth?
1) S____ I____ C____
2) M____ (liquid) Ou__ C____
3) M____ S____ M___
4) S___ C____
Solid inner core
Molten (liquid) outer core
Mostly solid mantle
Solid crust
The m_____ nature of early earth allowed for chemically and physically distinct layers to develop due to density differentiation
(hint: liquid)
molten
Evidence for density and elemental composition of the earths layers is found how?
Seismic waves (density changes and solid-liquid state)
Which seismic wave is this?
P wave?
S wave?
or surface wave?
fastest wave, can go through both solids and liquids
p-wave
Which seismic wave is this?
P wave?
S wave?
or surface wave?
(slower, cannot go through liquids)
S-waves
Which seismic wave is this?
P wave?
S wave?
or surface wave?
(worst waves for earthquakes)
surface wave
The Scientific process starts with an O_______n
observation
a piece of evidence, data, measurement
What is this? starts with an O
Observation
a proposed explanation or prediction to explain an observation(s) that can be tested but has not been proven
what is this?
(Example: "Objects of diferent masses fall at the same exhilaration")
Hypothesis
T___ts can be designed to negate, prove, or indicate the hypo need to be refine
tests
___ describes what will happen under certain conditions, but not how or why; can often be reduced to a mathematical equation
Law
general principles that explain the how and why of multiple observations and has been tested and proven many times
what is this?
scientific theory
Scientific theory
general principles that explain the how and why of multiple observations and has been tested and proven many times
Hypothesis
a proposed explanation or prediction to explain an observation(s) that can be tested but has not been proven
The San Andres Fault is a t________ boundary
transform
The last supercontinent was p______, which formed 300 m.y.a.
pangaea
when was pangaea formed?
____ m.y.a
300
H____sp__s (like hawaii) are regions with long-lived, relatively fixed areas of melting originating within the mantle
hotspots
What creates the result of : chain of islands, seamounts and inactive volcanos
hotspots
Hawaiian islands, yellowstone, and iceland are _______s
hotspots
There would likely be little to no oxygen without ____
Life
Earths’s layers (surface to center)
1) C___
2) L____
3) A_______
4) M____
5) O___ C____
6) I___ C____
Crust (continentals and ocean)
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
