exam 1

Question 1

motor learning

Answer 1

involves the mind and info processing

Question 2

motor control

Answer 2

involves the body.. physiological and biomechanics systems

Question 3

sensation

Answer 3

physiological detection of physical and physiological signals

Question 4

perception

Answer 4

the brains interpretation of sensation

Question 5

mind body connection

Answer 5

the bidirectional relationship btw the minds thoughts and emotions and the body’s physiological functioning

Question 6

cognition

Answer 6

cognitive factors such as motivation and expectations

Question 7

psychophysics

Answer 7

refers to the sensitivity and relationship btw detection and interpretation

Question 8

skill

Answer 8

voluntary and intentional movement with an outcome purpose

Question 9

ability

Answer 9

general capacity of an individual to perform skilled actions

Question 10

talent

Answer 10

refers to genetic abilities

Question 11

coordination

Answer 11

specific patterning of body and limbs to the environment

Question 12

psychomotor skills

Answer 12

characteristics like precision, manual control, cognitive processing and reaction time

Question 13

EPSP

Answer 13

excitatory postsynaptic potential.. when neurotransmitters release from presynaptic neurons and depolarize the postsynaptic neuron

Question 14

IPSP

Answer 14

inhibitory postsynaptic potential- when neurotransmitter block depolarization

Question 15

cerebrum

Answer 15

includes left and right cortexes and area under the cerebral cortex

Question 16

decussation

Answer 16

to cross the midline

Question 17

plasticity

Answer 17

the brains ability to change as a result of practice and training

Question 18

cerebellum

Answer 18

involved in planning and organizing of smooth movement

Question 19

brodmann areas

Answer 19

motor cortex, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex, and auditory

Question 20

homunculus

Answer 20

the motor and somatosensory cortex maps.. correspond to body areas

Question 21

sensorimotor integration

Answer 21

converging of motor and sensory info

Question 22

final common pathway

Answer 22

lower motor neurons of the spinal cord

Question 23

limbic system

Answer 23

brain structures that regulate your emotions and behavior

Question 24

efferent copy

Answer 24

internal copy of an outflowing movement producing signal

Question 25

motor unit

Answer 25

a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 26

small MU

Answer 26

few muscle fibers, slow twitch, low energy needed, first recruited

Question 27

large MUs

Answer 27

many muscle fibers, fast twitch, the most energy needed, their recruited, used for force and power

Question 28

size principle

Answer 28

Mrs fire in order from smallest to largest

Question 29

all or none principle

Answer 29

within an MU all the fibers fire or nothing fires

Question 30

3 ways in which the nervous system regulates force output

Answer 30

recruitment, rate coding, and coordination of MUs

Question 31

firing rates for Mrs range from

Answer 31

5-120 hz

Question 32

intermuscular

Answer 32

coordination of muscle groups and body segments

Question 33

intramuscular

Answer 33

patterning and use of motor units within a muscle

Question 34

discharge

Answer 34

specific manipulation of the firing rate to meet specific task demands

Question 35

muscle wisdom

Answer 35

slowing discharge rate of MUs during fatiguing conditions to maintain force output

Question 36

synch

Answer 36

firing rates across MUs to maximize force output for short bursts

Question 37

compartmentalization

Answer 37

refers to smaller and independently controlled groups of muscle fibers contained within a single muscle or across a group of muscles

Question 38

mechanical properties of the muscle tendon complex

Answer 38

extensibility, elasticity, and contractility

Question 39

SE

Answer 39

tendons are serial elastic elements

Question 40

CE

Answer 40

muscle is contractile element

Question 41

PE

Answer 41

parallel elastic elements ..the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

Question 42

force velocity relationship

Answer 42

CE force is producing capability decreases as sarcomere shortening velocity increases

Question 43

proprioceptors

Answer 43

provide information on movement

Question 44

kinesthesia

Answer 44

exteroreceptors and proprioceptors .. contribute to somatosensory awareness

Question 45

alpha gamma coactivation

Answer 45

allows the muscle spindle to continue being effective in detecting and sensory info even when it shortens during contraction

Question 46

AMI

Answer 46

anthropogenic muscle inhibition... inhibits agonist muscle

Question 47

crosses extensor reflex

Answer 47

when one limb compensates for loss of support in the other limb

Question 48

vestibular system

Answer 48

detect fluid movement in the labyrinth of the inner ear

Question 49

righting

Answer 49

reorienting the head and activation of the arms or legs in specific patterns

Question 50

focal vision

Answer 50

uses sharp foveal detection.. identifies objects and details

Question 51

ambient vision

Answer 51

uses both foveal and peripheral detection, uses dorsal and ventral streams

Question 52

dorsal stream

Answer 52

where stream.. location and spatial relations

Question 53

ventral stream

Answer 53

what stream... color, texture, size

Question 54

optic flow

Answer 54

keeps head and postural orientation righteous and provides info on motion and location of objects

Question 55

intrafusal fibers

Answer 55

muscle fibers inside the muscle spindle

Question 56

extrafusal fibers

Answer 56

muscle fibers making up the bulk of the muscle

Question 57

muscle spindles signal info on the

Answer 57

length and velocity

Question 58

GTO signals info on

Answer 58

the load or force applied to a muscle

Question 59

force velocity relationship

Answer 59

CE force producing capability decreases as sarcomere shortening velocity increases