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motor behavior > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

motor learning

A

involves the mind and info processing

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2
Q

motor control

A

involves the body.. physiological and biomechanics systems

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3
Q

sensation

A

physiological detection of physical and physiological signals

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4
Q

perception

A

the brains interpretation of sensation

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5
Q

mind body connection

A

the bidirectional relationship btw the minds thoughts and emotions and the body’s physiological functioning

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6
Q

cognition

A

cognitive factors such as motivation and expectations

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7
Q

psychophysics

A

refers to the sensitivity and relationship btw detection and interpretation

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8
Q

skill

A

voluntary and intentional movement with an outcome purpose

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9
Q

ability

A

general capacity of an individual to perform skilled actions

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10
Q

talent

A

refers to genetic abilities

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11
Q

coordination

A

specific patterning of body and limbs to the environment

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12
Q

psychomotor skills

A

characteristics like precision, manual control, cognitive processing and reaction time

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13
Q

EPSP

A

excitatory postsynaptic potential.. when neurotransmitters release from presynaptic neurons and depolarize the postsynaptic neuron

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14
Q

IPSP

A

inhibitory postsynaptic potential- when neurotransmitter block depolarization

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15
Q

cerebrum

A

includes left and right cortexes and area under the cerebral cortex

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16
Q

decussation

A

to cross the midline

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17
Q

plasticity

A

the brains ability to change as a result of practice and training

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18
Q

cerebellum

A

involved in planning and organizing of smooth movement

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19
Q

brodmann areas

A

motor cortex, sensorimotor cortex, visual cortex, and auditory

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20
Q

homunculus

A

the motor and somatosensory cortex maps.. correspond to body areas

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21
Q

sensorimotor integration

A

converging of motor and sensory info

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22
Q

final common pathway

A

lower motor neurons of the spinal cord

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23
Q

limbic system

A

brain structures that regulate your emotions and behavior

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24
Q

efferent copy

A

internal copy of an outflowing movement producing signal

25
Q

motor unit

A

a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

26
Q

small MU

A

few muscle fibers, slow twitch, low energy needed, first recruited

27
Q

large MUs

A

many muscle fibers, fast twitch, the most energy needed, their recruited, used for force and power

28
Q

size principle

A

Mrs fire in order from smallest to largest

29
Q

all or none principle

A

within an MU all the fibers fire or nothing fires

30
Q

3 ways in which the nervous system regulates force output

A

recruitment, rate coding, and coordination of MUs

31
Q

firing rates for Mrs range from

A

5-120 hz

32
Q

intermuscular

A

coordination of muscle groups and body segments

33
Q

intramuscular

A

patterning and use of motor units within a muscle

34
Q

discharge

A

specific manipulation of the firing rate to meet specific task demands

35
Q

muscle wisdom

A

slowing discharge rate of MUs during fatiguing conditions to maintain force output

36
Q

synch

A

firing rates across MUs to maximize force output for short bursts

37
Q

compartmentalization

A

refers to smaller and independently controlled groups of muscle fibers contained within a single muscle or across a group of muscles

38
Q

mechanical properties of the muscle tendon complex

A

extensibility, elasticity, and contractility

39
Q

SE

A

tendons are serial elastic elements

40
Q

CE

A

muscle is contractile element

41
Q

PE

A

parallel elastic elements ..the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

42
Q

force velocity relationship

A

CE force is producing capability decreases as sarcomere shortening velocity increases

43
Q

proprioceptors

A

provide information on movement

44
Q

kinesthesia

A

exteroreceptors and proprioceptors .. contribute to somatosensory awareness

45
Q

alpha gamma coactivation

A

allows the muscle spindle to continue being effective in detecting and sensory info even when it shortens during contraction

46
Q

AMI

A

anthropogenic muscle inhibition… inhibits agonist muscle

47
Q

crosses extensor reflex

A

when one limb compensates for loss of support in the other limb

48
Q

vestibular system

A

detect fluid movement in the labyrinth of the inner ear

49
Q

righting

A

reorienting the head and activation of the arms or legs in specific patterns

50
Q

focal vision

A

uses sharp foveal detection.. identifies objects and details

51
Q

ambient vision

A

uses both foveal and peripheral detection, uses dorsal and ventral streams

52
Q

dorsal stream

A

where stream.. location and spatial relations

53
Q

ventral stream

A

what stream… color, texture, size

54
Q

optic flow

A

keeps head and postural orientation righteous and provides info on motion and location of objects

55
Q

intrafusal fibers

A

muscle fibers inside the muscle spindle

56
Q

extrafusal fibers

A

muscle fibers making up the bulk of the muscle

57
Q

muscle spindles signal info on the

A

length and velocity

58
Q

GTO signals info on

A

the load or force applied to a muscle

59
Q

force velocity relationship

A

CE force producing capability decreases as sarcomere shortening velocity increases

motor behavior (1 decks)

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