Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sargon

A

First historically evident ruler. King of city-state Akkad, gained control of all of Mesopotamia.

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2
Q

Menes

A

First Egyptian Pharaoh, OF LEGEND. Not historical. Cobra Hawk Crown

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3
Q

Merneith

A

Possibly First female pharaoh of First Egyptian dynasty. Also daughter of a pharaoh and wife to the next one.

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4
Q

Hatshepsut

A

Great female pharaoh in 18th Eg. Dynasty

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5
Q

David

A

Early King of Israeli Hebrews

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6
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

Ruler of neo-Babylonia, including formerly Israeli Kingdom of Judah

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7
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

Persian ruler who was more tolerant, allowed subject people to return to their homelands (Jews).

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8
Q

Osiris

A

Lord of the afterlife in Egypt, with lady Isis

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9
Q

Hammurabi

A

Ruler of Old Babylonia, developed his Code, which was first complete law in history.

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10
Q

Abraham

A

Religious figure that Hebrews are descendants of. Legendary, not historical. YHWH spoke to him

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11
Q

Solomon

A

Ruler of Israel, after David. Has a temple built biblically, and oversaw large development in written Hebrew.

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12
Q

Socrates

A

`Greek Philosopher who traveled Egypt and Italy, “unexamined life is not worth living”

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13
Q

Plato

A

Student of Socrates, Established academy of Athens that established socratic method. Wrote the cave story that basically means that you only see what people choose to show to you, encouraging creativity and free thought.

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14
Q

Moses

A

Biblical Legendary figure, who YHWH spoke to with a burning bush. Exodus of Jews.

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15
Q

Philip of Macedon

A

King of Macedon who conquered Greek City states. Queen had him merc’ed to put her son Alexander into power.

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16
Q

Pericles

A

Greek General and politician

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17
Q

Thucydides

A

Greek historian, first scientific historian, wrote history of the Peloponnesian Wars. “history is philosophy learned from example”

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18
Q

Herodotus

A

“father of history” Researches and records histories of the Persian Wars.

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19
Q

Josiah

A

Leader of Kingdom of Judah who led a religious revival for Hebrews

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20
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Ruler of Greece, student of Aristotle. Is declared pharaoh in Egypt and conquers Persia with his military. Somewhat unified the Near East for the first time

21
Q

Bronze Age

A

After Copper was used to make tools, tin was discovered, and the two could be alloyed to make stronger and more efficient tools. The Age is characterized by the usage of bronze

22
Q

ziggurat

A

distinctive raised site of worship in M.P. city states.

23
Q

cuneiform

A

wedge shaped writing made by pushing shapes into wet clay tablets. Important documents preserved by putting tablet in a kiln to make ceramic tile.

24
Q

chalcolithic

A

Copper and Stone tools used at the same time, towards end of neolithic. Gold and silver discovered.

25
built environment
inhabitants create the environment they live in
26
paleolithic
Old Stone Age, first phase in prehistorical times of people. Stone tools and Weapons created for survival by identifying the best rocks. Begin domesticating animals by humans
27
neolithic
New Stone Age, tools began to advance to favor farming over hunting and gathering
28
polytheism
belief in many gods
29
Minoans
inhabitants of Crete in Greek prehistory
30
YHWH
"to be" God in Hebrew history, tetragrammaton
31
polis
Greek term used to describe civilized culture. Early politics, people interacting with their communities. Also used for geographical Greece, "ideal size is 5,000 people".
32
philosophia
Greek Outlook on existence that the universe is orderly and can be understood. People can imagine and learn things not experienced directly. "love wisdom"
33
Hyksos
Ancient Civ, Invaded Egypt with chariots and recurve bows. Occupied parts of Egypt until later expelled.
34
Iron Age
Discovery of iron refining, leads to enhanced trade, tools, and weapons due to natural abundance.
35
civilization
culture, history, communication in an area
36
acropolis
Greek residence for the ruler. Huge structure with pillars
37
anthropomorphic
Assigning a human form to non-human principles. Ex. gods in Egypt.
38
barbarians
Those deemed by Greeks as uncivilized. Essentially insulting all those who are not Greek.
39
annealing
The process of melding metal over a heat source to shape and mold it
40
synagogue
place of Jewish worship. Ex. Temple in Jerusalem, place of learning, study of scriptures, prayer, and guidance for living righteously
41
Why Eastern and near East Mediterraneans develop quicker than others in early prehistory?
Fertile Crescent, contained wide range of resources due to water adjacency. Plentiful rainfall
42
Historical versus legendary
Historical contains evidence to prove existence, legendary does not
43
Why were Hebrews Unique?
First people to develop their own written history for cosmic meaning
44
Why were Greeks unique?
developed first phonetic alphabet with consonants AND vowels. also were very involved in creating community ideals that developed to modern day.
45
Old Kingdom
One of the first Egyptian dynasties. Followed by Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom. Predated by Early period.
46
Divided Kingdoms
The split nation of Israel; Northern 10 kingdoms known as Israel, Southern 2 known as Kingdom of Judah
47
pyramids
used to bury dead royalty in Egypt
48