EXAM #1

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

Psych: soul
Ology: scientific study of
the scientific study of the mind and body

Question 2

Methods of inquiry (how they study them)

Answer 2

observation, one-on-one sessions, group sessions

Question 3

Methods of inquiry (how information is gathered)

Answer 3

case studies, observations, surveys, correlation, experimentation

Question 4

Neuroscience

Answer 4

Structure/function of the nervous system
Neuroplasticity
Neuronal correlates of psych disorders

Question 5

Evolutionary

Answer 5

Behavior/Mental processes promoting survival

Question 6

Behavior genetics

Answer 6

Genes vs. Environment

Question 7

Sensation and Perception

Answer 7

Sensory information
Our psychological experience of the world

Question 8

Developmental

Answer 8

Growth of cognitive skills

Question 9

Personality

Answer 9

Five-factor model
Individuals’ behavior/thought patterns

Question 10

Social psychology

Answer 10

Individual behavior
Obedience
Prejudice

Question 11

Health psych

Answer 11

Factors influencing

Question 12

Industrial-organizational

Answer 12

Workplace environment

Question 13

Sports and exercise

Answer 13

Performance-related anxiety

Question 14

Clinical psychology

Answer 14

psychotherapy/counseling

Question 15

Forensic psychology

Answer 15

Justice and legal system

Question 16

Hindsight bias

Answer 16

after you know the outcome of an event you tend to believe that you would have predicted it

Question 17

Overconfidence

Answer 17

we think we know more than we do

Question 18

Ideas are formed through

Answer 18

deductive reasoning

Question 19

Hypotheses are tested through

Answer 19

empirical observations

Question 20

Analyze data and for conclusion through

Answer 20

inductive reasoning

Question 21

Conclusions lead to

Answer 21

new theories and hypotheses

Question 22

Case studies

Answer 22

Descriptive research
Focus on one individual

Question 23

Observational research

Answer 23

Two types:
Unobtrusive (naturalistic) observation
Participant observation (observing the participants by being a part of the study itself. Engaging with participants as if they were one).
Limits:
Lack of generalizability
Some behaviors are difficult to observe
Observer bias

Question 24

Surveys

Answer 24

Paper and pencil
Electronically
Verbally
Limits:
Unrepresentative sample
Order of questions
Question-wording
Lack of accurate responses

Question 25

Cross-sectional research

Answer 25

compares multiple segments of a population at a single time

Question 26

Longitudinal

Answer 26

Studies in which the same group of individuals is surveyed or measured repeatedly over an extended period

Question 27

Correlation

Answer 27

the relationship between two or more variables, when two variables are correlated, one variable changes as the other does

Question 28

Positive correlation

Answer 28

two variables change in the same direction, both becoming either larger or smaller.

Question 29

Negative correlation

Answer 29

two variables change in different directions, as one increases the other decreases.

Question 30

Confounding variables

Answer 30

unanticipated outside factor

Question 31

Illusory correlation

Answer 31

Seeing something between two things when in reality no such relationships exist

Question 32

Hypotheses can be formulated through:

Answer 32

Observation
After a review of previous research