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Psy 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

The study of the relative power and limits of genetics and the influence of environment on behavior

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2
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Studies the building of a “good life” that engages our skills

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3
Q

Best Ways to Study

A
  1. Testing Effect - repeated self testing & rehearsal
  2. Active Processing - Taking the study material and putting it in your own words
  3. Spaced practice is better at retention than mass practice
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4
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Evaluates the source of information, looks for biases, examines assumptions, reviews evidence and assesses conclusions

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5
Q

Behaviorism

A

The idea is that psychology should be objective and that it should examine behavior without considering mental processes.

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6
Q

Gender Psychology

A

studies the differences between genders

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7
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

focuses on assessing and treating people with mental, behavioral, and emotional disorders

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8
Q

Functionalism

A

Looking beyond just labeling our inner thoughts and emotions by examining their evolved function.

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9
Q

SQ3R

A

Survey - the module organization
Question - identify the questions your reading should answer
Read - actively seek the answer to those questions
Retrieve - key ideas and rehearse them
Review - the modules organization and concepts

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10
Q

Cross-Cultural Psychology

A

studying people from different cultures around the world and determining where we have differences and similarities

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11
Q

Adoption Studies

A

Allow behavior geneticists to estimate the heritability of a trait. It has revealed that temperament and social behaviors are genetic.

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12
Q

Epigenetics

A

Epigenetics is the study of how behaviors and the environment can affect how genes work, without changing the DNA sequence on.

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13
Q

Epigenetic Marks

A

The molecules that trigger or block gene expression

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14
Q

Heritability

A

the extent to which the difference between individuals can be contributed to differing genes.

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15
Q

Collectivism vs Individuality

A

The difference between seeking independence and distinction vs making choices based on the collective impact it will have on the group in which you belong

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16
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

How much of who we are is a result of our genes vs our environment

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17
Q

Peer influence

A

Children receive their beliefs from their parents, but their culture from their peers.

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18
Q

Temperament

A

Our genetically influenced intensity and reactivity to emotions

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19
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

The tendency to believe that we could have predicted an event after we’ve already experienced it.

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20
Q

Overconfidence

A

The human inclination to think we know more than we actually do

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21
Q

Perceiving Order in Random Events

A

Things that are random don’t actually look random.

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22
Q

Independent Variable

A

In an experiment, the “independent variable” is the factor that the researcher actively manipulates or changes to observe its effect on another variable

The variable whose effect is being studied.

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23
Q

Freudian

A

studies the way our unconscious mind and childhood experience affect our behavior

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24
Q

Experiment

A

A research method that takes two groups of people and exposes one of them to a variable (experimental group), but not the other (control group) to see the effect that the variable has on the group.

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25
Q

Correlation

A

A connection that exists between two factors, but cannot conclusively be considered the cause of an outcome.

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26
Q

Case Study

A

examines and individual or group in depth in hopes of discovering a truth that applies to all of us.

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27
Q

Informed Consent & Debrief

A

Making sure that research participants are fully aware of the risks and intent of a study and then debriefs them on the conclusion of the study (this should the purpose and any deceptions connected to the study).

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28
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

The study of the evolution of the mind and behavior seen through the lens of natural selection.

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29
Q

Hypotheses

A

A testable prediction

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30
Q

The dependent variable

A

is the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated

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31
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Focuses on human growth potential instead of childhood memories or experiences. It focuses on our need for love, acceptance, and the environments that nurture or limit personal growth

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31
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

studies our changing abilities from the womb to the tomb

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31
Q

Social psychology

A

studies how we view and effect one another socially

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32
Q

Structuralism

A

Uses introspection to determine how the mind is structured (Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener)

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32
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

observing and recording the natural behavior of people

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32
Q

Introspection

A

looking inward

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32
Q

Replication

A

repeating the essence of a study to determine if the results remain true with a different group of people in a different situation

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32
Q

Scientific Method

A

Observation, questions, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion

33
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

examines how we perceive

33
Q

Scientific Attitude

A

Curiosity, skepticism, and humility. We must be aware of our vulnerability to error and be open to new perspectives

33
Q

Confounding Variable

A

A variable other than the one that is being studied that might influence a study’s results.

33
Q

Attachment Theory

A

An emotional tie with others. In parenting, a child who is securely attached experiences anxiety when their parent isn’t present, but can be soothed upon return. Avoidant and anxious are considered insecure attachment.

33
Q

Responsive Parenting

A

Those who notice what their baby needs and responds appropriately

33
Q

Harlow Monkey

A

Harlow gave infant monkeys a choice between a wire mother that provided food and a cloth mother that provided comfort. The monkeys consistently chose the cloth mother

34
Q

Four Stages of Piaget’s Development Theory

A

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, concrete Operational, and Formal Operational

34
Q

Conservation

A

A component in Piaget’s concrete operational when a child is unable to understand that changing the container of a liquid does not change it’s volume/mass

34
Q

Egocentrism

A

The preoperational stage of Piaget’s Developmental theory. It’s when children are unable to perceive how other people are impacted by their actions

35
Q

Consequences of Alcohol in Pregancy

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrom

36
Q

Habituation

A

A decrease in response after repeated stimulation

36
Q

Imprinting

A

Animals who create strong bonds with the first person they receive contact and connection with regardless of species

37
Q

Infantile Amensia

A

Forgetting our early life before the age of 4.

38
Q

Maturation

A

The orderly sequence of biological growh

39
Q

Auhtoritarian Parenting

A

Coercive - do what I say

40
Q

Permissive Parenting

A

unrestraining - do what you want

41
Q

Neglectful Parenting

A

uninvolved -

42
Q

Authoritative

A

confrontive - sets rules, but promotes conversation

43
Q

Piaget’s Belief on Development

A

Our cognitive development is an endless journey of trying to make sense of our experiences

44
Q

Schemas

A

the mental molds that we fit our experiences into

45
Q

Sensimotor

A

1st stage of Piaget’s theory that has object permanence as key element

46
Q

Concrete Operation Stage

A

3rd stage of Piaget’s developmental theory. Here children are grasping conservation

47
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

2nd stage of Piaget’s developmental theory. Here children are egocentric and indulge in pretend play

48
Q

Formal Operation

A

4th stage of Piaget’s Developmental theory where abstract thinking and logic is possible

49
Q

Pruning Process in Brain Devleopment

A

“use it or lose it” unused neural pathways are shut down

50
Q

Stanger Anxiety

A

the fear of strangers that children demonstrate

51
Q

Theory of Mind

A

people ideas about their mental state and the mental state of others and the behaviors these mental states may predict. People with autism struggle with this

52
Q

Attractive People

A

Based on appearance they’re seen as healthier, happier, more successful, sensitive, and socially skilled

53
Q

James Lange Theory of Emotion

A

We have bodily activity first and then experience emotions

54
Q

Canon Byrd Theory of Emotion

A

Our bodily responses and emotions happen separately but simultaneously

55
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Arouses the body in stressful situations and calms the body when safe. Sympathetic causes arousal, and parasympathetic creates calm.

56
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

An inner desire to achieve that is not connected to external praise or pressure

57
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

the desire to achieve in order to receive praise or avoid punishment

58
Q

Self Determination Theory

A

When we feel motivated to satisfy our need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness

59
Q

Self Disclosure

A

Sharing our joy, fear, and pain wiht others

60
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

The more we are exposed to a person or thing the more we like them

61
Q

Spillover Effect

A

Emotional rousal spills over from one event to the next

62
Q

Two Factor Theory of Emotion

A

Emotions have two ingredients (physical arousal and cognitive appraisal)

63
Q

Liking Love (7 Types of Love)

A

Intimacy

64
Q

Companionate Love (7 Types of Love)

A

Commitment & Intimacy

65
Q

Infatuated Love (7 Types of Love)

A

Passionate

66
Q

Romantic Love (7 Types of Love)

A

Intimacy & Passionate

67
Q

Fatuous Love (7 Types of Love)

A

Commitment & Passionate

68
Q

Consummate Love (7 Types of Love)

A

Passion, Intimacy, & Commitment

69
Q

Empty Love (7 Types of Love)

A

Commitment

70
Q

Accommodation

A

Expanding our schemas to incorporate new information

71
Q

Assimilation

A

Organizing new experiences into existing schemas

72
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional tie with others

73
Q

Random Sampling

A

A sample that fairly represents a wide reach of people and gives each member an equal chance of inclusion

74
Q

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

A

the use of psychoology in the workplace to understand the best way to train and motivate people, culture, designs, and systems

75
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Exploring the links between body and mind

76
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

help people cope with challenges and crises. Helps people with disorders improve their personal and social functioning.

77
Q

Personality Psychology

A

investigating our consistent traits

78
Q

Psychology

A

a science that seeks to answer questions about how and why we think, feel, and act the way that we do

79
Q

The Placebo Effect

A

experimental results caused by expectation alone`

80
Q

Survey

A

take a bird’s eye view

Psy 101 (2 decks)

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