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Animal Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Animal Science?

A

Animal Science is the collective study of domestic animals.

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2
Q

What is domestication?

A

Animals that are under the control of man throughout their lives. Animals whose breeding is or can be controlled by man and which depend upon man throughout their lives for protection or food.

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3
Q

Morrill Act

A

1862 set up Land Grant Colleges

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4
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an animal.

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5
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance or measurable performance.

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6
Q

Simply-Inherited traits

A

Controlled by one (or a few) gene pairs.

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7
Q

Polygenic Traits

A

Controlled by many gene pairs

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8
Q

What are animals used for?

A

-Sports
-Recreation
-Religion
-Manufacturing
-Companions

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9
Q

Animal Science specialties broken down

A

-Genetics
-Nutrition
-Physiology
-Animal Health
-Ethology (Animal Behavior)
-Meat Science
-Dairy Product Service
-Biotechnology
-Animal Breeding

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10
Q

Only 1/3 of animals are producing ____________ out of 2/3 of animals found in developing countries because of ________________.

A

Meat, milk, and wool

low productivity including stress, lack of tech, and diseases.

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11
Q

Animals produce what percentage of consumption for the world?

A

17%

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12
Q

How much do animals produce protein for the world?

A

40%

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13
Q

Why does Broiler production have a faster cash flow than any other industry?

A

Because it takes less than almost two months rather than two years like cattle.

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14
Q

What state has the largest horse, cattle, population/production?

A

Texas

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15
Q

What kind of integration does poultry consist of?

A

Vertical Integration

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16
Q

in what order does the beef female reproduction system go?

A

external to farthest interior
1. Vulva
2. Vagina
3. Cervix
4. Uterus
5. Uterine Horns
6. Oviduct
7. infidibulium
8. Ovaries

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17
Q

What does each part of the Beef Female Repro Tract do?

A
  1. Vulva - designed to keep debris out of the body
  2. Vagina - organ of copulation at mating
  3. Cervix - the muscular valve that slows down invading materials
  4. Uterus - site of embryotic development/where babies grow
  5. Uterine Horns - allows to be close to the ovary
  6. Oviduct - tubes that carry the eggs
  7. Infundibulum - catches and channels the released ovum to the oviduct
  8. Ovaries - where ovum is produced/contains estrogen and progesterone.
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18
Q

What is the male hormone and what does it do?

A

Testosterone and it is critical for sperm development

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19
Q

What are the 4 female hormones?

A

Estrogen - critical for follicle development.
Progesterone - sustains pregnancy
Relaxin - causes ligaments around birth canal to relax
Oxytocin - allows milk let down

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20
Q

What does the male reproduction system do?

A

Testicles - site of sperm production and testosterone
Epididymis - sperm storage & maturation
Scrotum - Protects testes and regulates temp.
Vas Deferans - transports sperm from epididymis to
Uretha - tube inside of penis transports sperm or urine exterior.
Penis - organ of copulation

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21
Q

Estrous Cycle

A

A repetitive cycle occurring when pregnancy does not (period)

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22
Q

Estrus

A

Standing heat (grounds to mate)

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23
Q

Fertilization

A

Where ovum and sperm unite

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24
Q

Gestation

A

length of pregnancy

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25
Q

Parturition

A

Act of giving birth

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26
Q

what are the certified pedigree swine?

A

Chester White
Poland China
Spot
Berkshire

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27
Q

Pros of AI

A

Conception rate is high and effective
Extends the use of males
reduces diseases

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28
Q

Cons of AI

A

Expensive
Need to know estrous cycle of cows

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29
Q

In Virto

A

Fertilization outside the body

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30
Q

Number of days for a cow for Estrous cycle

A

21 days

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31
Q

Number of days for a sheep for Estrous cycle

A

17 days

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32
Q

Number of days for a horse for Estrous cycle

A

21

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33
Q

Number of days for a goat for Estrous cycle

A

21

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34
Q

Gestation length for cattle

A

283 days (calving)

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35
Q

Corpus Luteum (CL)

A

the cells that remain in the follicle after the egg is ovulated becomes CL

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36
Q

gestation period for sheep

A

150 days (lambing)

37
Q

gestation period for goats

A

150 days (kidding)

38
Q

gestation period for hogs

A

115 days (Farrowing)

39
Q

What is EPD

A

Expected Progeny Difference and it is a tool to see the predicted outcome of offspring

40
Q

gestation period for horses

A

336 days (foaling)

41
Q

what does a Yorkshire hog look like?

A

White with pink-ish with erect (stand up) ears

42
Q

what does a Chester White Hog look like?

A

white with pink-ish tone of skin and droopy ears and medium build and larger nose

43
Q

What does a Landrace hog look like?

A

All white, downward ears, larger bodied, and larger litters

44
Q

What breeds of hogs are in the National Swine Registry?

A

-Yorkshire
-Landrace
-Duroc
-Hampshire

45
Q

What does a Duroc look like?

A

solid red, downward ears
Extra - fast growing and excellent carcass

46
Q

What does a Hampshire hog look like?

A

Black with white belt with erect ears
Extra - very lean, and muscular

47
Q

What does a Berkshire look like?

A

Black with white points erect ears.
Extra - Fast and efficient growing carcass

48
Q

What does a Poland China look like

A

Black with 6 white points, droopy ears
Extra - fast & efficient growing carcass

49
Q

What does a Spotted hog look like?

A

Spotty with droopy ears

50
Q

What does a Hereford hog look like?

A

Red bodied, white points and downward ears

51
Q

What are Follicles?

A

An egg that moves to the cavities of the ovaries to be surrounded by cells

52
Q

Mitosis

A

How the somatic cells divide

53
Q

Meiosis

A

the cell division that creates sex cells

54
Q

What is the purpose of Meiosis

A

The reason we study genetics

55
Q

What are qualitative traits (controlled by one pair of genes)

A

-coat color
-polled or horned
-white color
-white wool

56
Q

What is it when one gene masks the trait of another

A

Dominant

57
Q

What is it when a gene will not show its affect if a dominant gene is present

A

Recessive

58
Q

What is the genetic makeup of an organism

A

Genotype

59
Q

What refers to the physical characteristics

A

Phenotype

60
Q

What is referred to as both alleles are the same

A

Homozygous

61
Q

What is referred to as two alleles are different

A

Heterozygous

62
Q

what is the act of breeding two closely related individuals

A

Inbreeding

63
Q

what is the act of breeding two extremely closely related individuals

A

Line breeding

64
Q

Mating less closely related individuals

A

outbreeding

65
Q

what is the term for mating animals from different breeds

A

Cross breeding

66
Q

what is the actual genetic merit

A

Estimated Breeding Value

67
Q

What are reproductive EPDs (traits)

A

Low traits

68
Q

What are maternal EPDs (traits)

A

average traits

69
Q

What are carcass EPDs (traits)

A

High traits

70
Q

Mechanical forces
Chemical action
Hydrolysis of ingestion

A

Digestion

71
Q

the way the animal gathers the food into their mouths

A

Phrehension

72
Q

Where the food enters the digestive track

A

Mouth

73
Q

Chewing

A

Mastication

74
Q

The muscular tube that takes the food from the mouth to the stomach

A

Esophogus

75
Q

Animals that have multi-compartment stomachs

A

Ruminants

76
Q

What are the ruminant compartments

A

-Rumen
-Reticulum
-Omasum
-Abomasum

77
Q

Allows the ruminant to break down cellulose

A

Rumen

78
Q

Microorganisms that continually break down and eat

A

Microbes

79
Q

Separated from the rumen by a ridge of tissue and looks like honeycomb

A

Reticulum

80
Q

Acts as a pump to transfer food

A

Omasum

81
Q

The ruminants true stomach

A

Abomasum

82
Q

What is a one stomached animal

A

Monogastric

83
Q

breaks down carbohydrates and fats

A

Pancreas

84
Q

the portion between the stomach and anus
the longest section of the digestive system

A

Small Intestine

85
Q

what three parts are made up of the small intestine

A

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

86
Q

the largest gland of the body
stores vitamins, iron, & glycogen
detoxifies chemicals and pollutants

A

Liver

87
Q

Main function of removal of water and food waste
compresses waste into a form easier to digest

A

Large intestine

88
Q

What 4 parts make up the large intestine

A

-cecum (what allows the horses to eat so much forage)
-colon
-rectum
-anus

Animal Science (1 decks)

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