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Cognitive Psych > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define sentience.

A

The capacity to feel and perceive, how we create a subjective experience

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2
Q

Define consciousness

A

Sentience plus sapience, our reasoning and creativity

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3
Q

Define sapience.

A

The ability to rationalize and make decisions/analyze the situation.

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4
Q

What is the difference between monism and dualism?

A

Monism is the belief that our conscious is defined solely by external factors and dualism is the belief our conscious is defined by both internal and external factors

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5
Q

Define Wundt’s Heterogony of Ends.

A

An introspectionist perspective that our behavior and thoughts are an endless cycle of goals and actions

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6
Q

Define Wundt’s voluntarism.

A

A form of introspectionist perspective that all of our thoughts shape our sensations

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7
Q

Define William James’ pragmatism.

A

A form of introspectionist perspective that our perspective shapes our reality

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8
Q

Define Wundt’s structuralism.

A

A reductionist belief of consciousness that it is sorted into categories within the mind

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9
Q

Define modern cognitive psychology’s motivation.

A

A study the mind’s innerworkings through observable things

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10
Q

What is an EEG?

A

The sticky net thing of magnets, measures the electric potentials present on the scalp

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11
Q

What is an MEG?

A

The megamind tube, records magnetic fields produced by electrical activity of action potentials

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12
Q
A

levels of oxygenated hemoglobin

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13
Q

What is a TMS?

A

The wand, a magnetic coil that disrupts neuron communication

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14
Q

What is the difference between the CNS and PNS?

A

The CNS deals with the brain and PNS deals with the body

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15
Q

What is the cerebral cortex for?

A

It is the wrinkly dark grey area of the brain

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15
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons

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16
Q

What are the macro sections of the brain?

A

Frontal love, occipital love, parietal love, and temporal lobe

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16
Q

What are the different parts of the brain stem?

A

Medulla, pons, midbrain, and thalamus

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17
Q

What does the medulla do and where is it located?

A

breathing and heartrate, in the bottom of the stem

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17
Q

What is the pons for and where is it located?

A

Postural and vital reflexes, middle section of the stem

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18
Q

What is the midbrain for and where is it located?

A

Species typical movement patterns (just below the thalamus)

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19
Q

What is the thalamus for and where is it located?

A

Routing and regulation of the information made in the brain stem, top of the stew

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20
Q

What is the cerebellum for?

A

Posture, balance, and skilled movement of the hands and feet, surrounds the brain stem

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20
Q

What is the basal ganglia for?

A

motor control, motor learning, and executive function, surrounds the brain stem

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21
Q

What are the parts of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland

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22
Q

Define the Central-state theory.

A

Different drives in the brain come from different places

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22
Q

What areas of the brain does the central-drive system come from?

A

Cortex, brain stem, limbic system, and endocrine system

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23
Q

What are the three components of rewards?

A

Liking, wanting, and reinforcement

23
Q

What separates the brain from liking and wanting?

A

Dopamine fuels want and endorphins fuel like

24
Q

What parts of the brain are important for emotions?

A

amygdala and prefrontal cortex

25
Q

What is the corpus callosum for?

A

Top-down and bottom-up processing

25
Q

What is broca’s area and wernicke’s area?

A

Broca’s = primary motor area
Wernicke’s = primary somatosensory area

25
Q

Define Broca’s area.

A

Ability to speak

25
Q

Define Wernicke’s area.

A

Comprehension of speech

25
Q

What is LTP?

A

Long-term potentiation, strengthening of synaptic connections through use

26
Q

Define encephalization.

A

The ratio between brain and body weight

26
Q

What is sensory transduction?

A

The change from a stimulus into a neural signal

26
Q

What receptors do we use for olfaction?

A

Cilium

27
Q

What is a distal vs a proximal stimulation?

A

Distal is exactly what the object is, proximal is what we did to perceive what the object was (sight, smell. touch)

27
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in the sensory process?

A

Temporal lobe, primary auditory area, occipital love, and primary visual area

28
Q

What is psychophysics?

A

The study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and the sensory experience produced

28
Q

What parts of the brain are related to olfaction?

A

Amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus

29
Q

Trigeminal sense.

A

The sense that signals irritating food

29
Q

What is the somatosensory system?

A

The sense of touch and feel

29
Q

WHat is tactile sensation?

A

Non-painful touch

30
Q

What is nociceptive sensation?

A

Painful touch

30
Q

Define proprioception.

A

sense of bodily position

31
Q

Define thermoception.

A

Sense of temperature

31
Q

Who was Wilder Penfield?

A

Developed the somatotopic map

31
Q

What are meissner corpuscles?

A

Receptor for perceiving slip and maintaining grip

31
Q

Define merkel cells.

A

Receptor for perceiving pattern, texture, and shape

31
Q

Define pacinian corpuscles.

A

receptor for perceiving fine textures through vibrations

31
Q

Define ruffini endings.

A

Receptors for perceiving skin stretch

32
Q

What are the receptors for pain?

A

Nociceptors: A-delta fibers and C-fibers

32
Q

What is the difference between A-delta fibers and c-fibers?

A

A-delta is for sharp pain, myelinated axons, and c-fibers are for dull pain, nonmyelinated axons

32
Q

What are the temperature receptors?

A

Thermoceptors

32
Q

Define the vestibular system.

A

Sense of balance and contributes to our spatial awareness and coordination

32
Q

What is the main, mechanical component of the auditory system?

A

The cochlea

32
Q

What are the receptors in the auditory system?

A

Crista and macula

32
Q

What are the receptors required for vision?

A

Photoreceptors: rods and cones

32
Q

What is the difference between rods and cones?

A

Rods see motion and contrast while cones see color

32
Q

What produces our vision in the dark?

A

Scotopic vision

33
Q

What produces our vision in the light?

A

Photopic vision

33
Q

What is the difference between the dorsal and ventral pathways?

A

The dorsal pathway defines shapes and features (parietal region) and the ventral pathway perceives color and detail (temporal region)

33
Q

Define cortical magnification.

A

Better focus in the middle of the visual field than the sides

33
Q

Who do we complete objection recognition?

A

Perceptural organizations

33
Q

Define perceptual organization.

A

Defining the ends and edges of objects

33
Q

How do we have specialized vision?

A

Fusiform gyrus

33
Q

What are the three types of monocular static depth cues?

A

Position-based cues, size-based cues, and linear-based cues

Cognitive Psych (2 decks)

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