Exam 1 Flashcards by Erika Hembree

Origin: Hyoid bone (median fibrous septum)
Insertion: edges of tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: shorten and curl tongue up
Intrinsic tongue muscle

superior longitudinal

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Origin: root of tongue
Insertion: apex of the tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: shortens and curls tongue down
Intrinsic tongue muscle

inferior longitudinal

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Origin: dorsum of tongue
Insertion: inferior lateral borders of tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: flattens and broadens tongue
Intrinsic tongue muscles

Vertical muscle

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Origin: median fibrous septum
Insertion: sides of tongue
Innervation: hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: narrows and elongates tongue
Intrinsic tongue muscle

Transverse muscle

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Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: courses downward and anterior to insert in dorsum of tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: elevate and retract tongue, draw sides of tongue up to create a trough, and shoots food back
extrinsic tongue muscle

styloglossus

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Origin: greater cornu and body of hyoid
Insertion: posterior half of lateral aspect of tongue
Innervation: Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: depresses tongue; suprahyoid muscle
extrinsic tongue muscle

Hyoglossus

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Origin: Velum where the fibers from each side intermingle
Insertion: lateral aspects of tongue
Innervation: Vagus (CN X)
Action: elevate tongue or depresses velum
Extrinsic tongue muscle

Palatoglossus

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Origin: internal surface of mandibular symphysis
Insertion: fan throughout length of tongue and body of hyoid
Innervation: Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Action: anterior fibers retract tongue, posterior fibers protrude; suprahyoid muscle
extrinsic tongue muscle

genioglossus

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Pulls larynx and hyoid up

Suprahyoid muscle

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Attached to posterior border of palatine bones
Contains 2 depressors and 3 elevators

Soft palate (velum)

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Courses medial then upward to fan out into palatal aponeurosis; fibers intermingle with muscle on opposing side
Origin: base of skull, foramen ovale, carotid canal, and sphenopetrosal fissure
Insertion: courses downward to tendonous portion which wraps around hamulus of medial pterygoid plate
Innervation: Trigeminal (CN V)
Action: flattens and tenses palate; opens Eustachian tube
depressor of velum

Tensor veli palatini

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primary muscle for palatal depression
extrinsic muscle of tongue; forms anterior faucial pillar
Origin: lower surface of palatal aponeurosis
Insertion: sides of tongue
Action: depress velum and elevate tongue
Innervation: Vagus (CN X)

Palatoglossus

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Origin: apex of petrous portion of temporal bone, cartilage of Eustachian tube
Insertion: palatal aponeurosis
Innervation: CN X, pharyngeal branch
Action: forms a sling to elevate palate on non-nasal sounds
Primary muscle for closing off palate
-elevator of velum

Levator veli palatini

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courses length of velum
origin: posterior nasal spine
insertion: uvula
innervation: CN X, pharyngeal branch
action: pull velum mass up and forward and increase cross-sectional mass
elevator of velum

Musculus uvulae

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most important muscle for swallowing
posterior faucial arch
Origin: superiorly to hard palate and palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: inferiorly to lateral wall of pharynx and thyroid cartilage
Innervation: CN X, pharyngeal branch
Action: tenses soft palate and pulls pharyngeal walls superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
closes off nasopharynx from oropharynx during swallowing

Palatopharyngeus

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Shelf across alveolar processes
roof of mouth
rugae on anterior alveolar ridge
posterior nasal spine is found at rear midline
midline raphe are observable
Anterior 2/3 to 3/4 - palatine processes of maxillae
posterior 1/3 to 1/4 - horizontal plates of palatine bones

hard palate

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Only moving bone in skull
Body or arch
Mandibular nerve of CN V
Action: chewing food
elevates, depresses. and lateralizes
houses lower teeth and tongue

Mandible

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Line where the right and left halves of the mandible fuse together

Mental symphysis

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triangular area in the front of the mandible that forms the chin

Mental protuberance

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2 bony points on outside of mandible’s body that forms the chin’s prominence

Mental tubercles

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opening in mandible that allows the mental nerve to exit the bone

Mental foramen

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allows CN V to pass through mandible

Mandibular foramen

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thick ridge of bone in mandible that holds teeth in place

alveolar process

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bony ridge on the internal surface of mandible; attachment for Ramus

Mylohyoid line

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irregular quadrilateral; makes up lateral portion of mandible on either side

Ramus

thin triangular eminence that continues anteriorly into the ramus and is bounded posteriorly by mandibular incisurae

Coronoid process/crown

articulates with temporal bone at temporomandibular joint in mandible

condylar process/knob

space between the coronoid and condyle in mandible

Mandibular notch

- strongest muscle in body based on weight - flat, thin palpable muscle - origin: external fibers arises from zygomatic arch via aponeurosis; internal fibers arise from posterior surface of lower border/medial surface of zygomatic arch - insertion: external - lateral surface of ramus of mandible; internal - upper half of ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process - Action: elevate mandible - Alternate lateral contractions for chewing - Innervation: mandibular branch - CN V

Masseter

- thin & fan shaped - origin: temporal fossa - insertion: anterior border of ramus and coronoid process - innervation: mandibular branch of CN V - Action: elevate mandible; important for mastication

Temporalis (temporal) muscle

- quadrilateral shaped muscle - origin: pterygoid fossa (between base of lateral and medial pterygoid plates) and medial surfaces of lateral pterygoid plate - insertion: medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible - innervation: mandibular branch of CN V - action: elevate mandible, protrude and pull side to side (Mastication)

Medial (internal) pterygoid muscle

- suprahyoid muscle - 2 bellies: anterior and posterior - attached by intermediate tendon attached to greater cornu of hyoid - mandibular depressor

Digastric muscle

- origin: inner surface of lower border of mandibular symphysis - insertion: intermediate tendon - innervation: CN V - Action: depresses mandible

anterior belly of digastric muscle

- origin: mastoid process of temporal bone - insertion: intermediate tendon - innervation: CN VII - action: elevates hyoid

posterior belly of digastric muscle

- found on floor of mouth - origin: mylohoid line of mandible - insertion: median raphe and body of hyoid - innervation: CN V - action: depresses mandible and raises hyoid (suprahyoid)

Mylohyoid

- rope like muscle superior to medial border of mylohyoid - origin: inner mandibular symphysis - insertion: body of hyoid - innervation: CN XII - action: depresses mandible and raises hyoid (suprahyoid muscle)

geniohyoid

- primary muscle for protruding mandible - contains 2 heads: 1: lateral portion of greater wing of sphenoid bone; 2: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate - insertion: pterygoid fossa (anterior neck of condyle of mandible) - action: depresses, protrudes, and lateralizes mandible

Lateral (external) pterygoid

What 3 mandibular muscles are responsible for raising the mandible?

medial/internal pterygoid, masseter, and temporalis

What 4 mandibular muscles are responsible for lowering the mandible?

geniohyoid, anterior belly of digastric muscle, mylohoid, and lateral/external pterygoid

- lip seal - chewing - bolus formation - sucking - positive pressure - oropharyngeal and velopharyngeal seal

oral cavity

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

- located from nasal choanae to elevated soft palate - contains muscles that control the opening of Eustachian tube

nasopharynx

middle section of throat, located behind mouth and below soft palate

oropharynx

connects larynx to esophagus and is vital passageway for air, water, and food

laryngopharynx

- quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than other constrictors - high of pharyngeal constrictor - origin: medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe, alveolar process - insertion: pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle - innervation: CN X, pharyngeal plexus - action: aids in buccal tension and pulls tongue backwards to posterior pharyngeal wall

superior pharyngeal constrictor

- fan shaped muscle - smaller than inferior pharyngeal constrictor - origin: hyoid - insertion: pharyngeal raphe - innervation: CN X, pharyngeal plexus - action: constriction pushes bolus down towards esophagus

middle pharyngeal constrictor

- located in inferior pharynx - muscle embedded in tube - Origin #1: cricoid cartilage & origin #2: thyroid cartilage - insertion #1: fibers course horizontally (cricopharyngeus muscle); insertion #2: fibers course oblique and upward and meet at midline to form a tube or sphincter - innervation: CN X, pharyngeal plexus - action: deglutition, pushes food down into esophagus

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

- long slender muscle; passes between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors; joins with palatopharyngeus muscle - origin: styloid process of temporal bone - insertion: thyroid - innervation: CN IX, glossopharyngeal - actions: elevates pharynx and larynx; widens pharyngeal space and pulls up on UES

stylopharyngeus

- base of mandible and 3rd cervical vertebra when at rest - connected to floor of mouth, tongue, larynx, epiglottis, pharynx - makes muscular connections with: scapulae, sternum, cervical vertebrae, temporal bone, mandible, laryngeal cartilages and tongue - attachments are anatomical link between sucking, swallowing, chewing, breathing, cranio-cervical posture - upward and forward movement essential during swallow to draw mechanical traction on UES (opens esophagus)

hyoid bone

- 3 functions - cartilage and muscle - true and false vocal folds - aryepiglottic folds

larynx

pulls larynx and hyoid down

infrahyoid

These laryngeal muscles are important for support and positioning and elevating (supra) and depression (infra)

extrinsic laryngeal muscles

these laryngeal muscles are most important for speech production

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

- flat muscle near anterior surface of neck - origin: post surface of manubrium (sternum); medial end of clavicle - insertion: lower body of hyoid - innervation: CN XII - action: depresses hyoid - extrinsic laryngeal muscle - infrahyoid

sternohyoid

- long slender muscle in front of anterior neck - origin: post surface of manubrium of sternum (doesn't move) - insertion: oblique line of thyroid (covered by omohyoid and sternohyoid) - innervation: CN XII - action: depress thyroid - extrinsic laryngeal muscle - infrahyoid

sternothyroid

- long, narrow, two-bellied muscle in anteriolateral surface of neck - Origin 1: upper border of scapula; origin 2: intermediate tendon, just above (and attached to) sternum - insertion: inferior surface of greater horns of hyoid - innervation: CN XII - action: depress larynx and hyoid - extrinsic laryngeal muscle - infrahyoid

omohyoid

- located in anterior neck (covered by omohyoid and sternohyoid) - origin: oblique line of thyroid - insertion: lower border of greater horn of hyoid - innervation: CN XII - action: narrows distance between thryoid and hyoid; thyroid is fixed, it lowers hyoid, whereas if hyoid is fixed, it elevated thyroid - extrinsic laryngeal muscles - infrahyoid

thyrohyoid

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, hyoglossus, and genioglossus

- origin: styloid process of temporal bone - insertion: greater horn of hyoid - innervation: CN VII - action: draws hyoid up and backward - extrinsic laryngeal muscle - suprahyoid

stylohyoid

Loss of/disordered

Dys

ability to eat (to swallow)

phagia

another words for swallowing

deglutition

collected and shaped body of food and/or liquid

bolus

- process of chewing food - occurs in oral stage - bolus mixes with enzymes in saliva

mastication

process in which food or liquid enters larynx but remains above VF; may or may not be ejected via coughing

penetration

process whereby food, liquid, or other foreign matter passes below VF

aspiration

levels of entry into laryngeal vestibule and airway during MBS; levels 1-8

Penetration-Aspiration Scale

aspiration without s/s

silent aspiration

wave-like motion which conducts bolus through pharyngeal and esophageal structures

peristalsis

- tube formed from muscle which conducts bolus from pharynx to stomach via peristalsis - muscular tube that remains closed until food travels through it - patent tube

esophagus

tube which collapses against itself; does not remain open, but opens to receive a substance

patent tube

opening to esophagus; opens at presence of food - cricopharyngeus muscle fibers and inferior pharyngeal constrictor - junction between hypopharynx and esophagus

Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

- referred to as windpipe, formed of cartilage and leads from larynx to lungs - not a patent tube - remains open due to 16-20 cartilaginous rings of hyaline cartilage (deficient posteriorly) - lies anterior to esophagus - can tear easily - during swallowing, trachea momentarily cuts itself off via VF closure and epiglottic inversion - inferiorly divides into bronchi

trachea

- more likely to happen in right lung - results from food, liquid, or other foreign matter entering lungs - often cause of death of patients with dysphagia

aspiration pneumonia

- reduced triggering of pharyngeal swallow - reduced lingual control - reduced laryngeal adduction - reduced pharyngeal peristalsis - reduced UES opening due to poor anterior excursion

swallowing difficulty due to CVA

Swallowing deficits in which hemisphere causes greater frequency of penetration and aspiration and pharyngeal swallow delay?

Right hemisphere damage

Swallowing deficits in which hemisphere causes increased oral transit, lack of oral motor coordination, and oral and verbal apraxia?

Left hemisphere damage

Inability to chew and/or swallow because of damage to anatomical structures which prevent mechanical processing of food includes the following:

- physical damage (trauma to pharynx/larynx (CVA)) - chemical damage (destruction/scarring from radiation exposure) - cancer which must be resected (part of tongue removed) - trachoesophageal fistula - fistular connecting trachea or esophagus - no teeth (edentulous)

Serious conditions associated with dysphagia include:

malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration, weight loss, impaired skin integrity

What structures is the oral cavity made up of?

- maxilla - mandible - upper/lower lips - cheeks - tongue - teeth - floor of mouth/mandible - hard palate - soft palate - uvula - anterior/posterior faucial pillars

- does not move - houses upper teeth in alveolar ridge

maxilla

- anterior boundary of buccal cavity and opening to oral cavity consists of: - vermilion zone: red area of lips; composed of transparent epithelium - inside lining is mucus membrane and continuous with lining of mouth - cupids bow: bow shaped upper boundary of vermilion zone - philtrum: vertical groove in middle of upper lip - columella: vertical ridges on either side of philtrum - superior labial frenulum: fold of tissue inside dividing upper right and left halves - inferior labial frenulum: fold of tissue inside dividing lower right and left halves

lips

- principle muscle of lips - origin: midline on anterior surface of maxilla and mandible - insertion: mucus membrane around lip and near buccinator - innervation: CN VII - buccal branch - action: purse string the lips (sphincter-like action) - site of sounds which are terms labial

Orbicularis oris muscle

- muscle of chin; pouting muscle - origin: area around mental tuberosity - insertion: courses upward to insert in corner of mouth - innervation: CN VII - mandibular branch - action: draws corners of lips down

mentalis muscle

- lateral boundary of buccal cavity - lined internally with mucus membrane and external surface is skin - contains a layer of subcutaneous pad of fat, which is buccal fat pad - contain salivary glands - muscles include buccinator and risorius

cheeks

- origin: pterygomandibular ligament (attached between hamulus of medial pterygoid plate and posterior limit of mylohyoid line), alveolar process of maxilla, and posterior-interior surface of mandible - insertion: fibers course forward to insert into lips - innervation: CN VII, buccal branch - action: suckling in neonates; pulls cheeks against teeth; mastication

buccinator or bugler's muscle

- origin: fascia of masseter muscle - insertion: moves forward to corner of mouth - vertical and angular facial muscles are located in cheeks and other parts of face - Innervation: CN VII, buccal branch - action: lip retraction, smile

Risorius or laughter muscle

- produce between 0.5 to 1.5 liters of saliva each day - Neurotransmitter is ACh, which binds to receptors to increase salivation - Classified as: serous, mucous, and seromucous

Salivary glands

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

produces alpha-amylase to break down starch

serous

produces mucin to lubricate

mucous

mixture of alpha-amylase to break down starch and mucin to lubricate

seromucous

- largest of salivary glands (20% of all saliva) - facilitates mastication and swallowing - wrapped around mandibular ramus; posterior to mandibular ramus; anterior to mastoid process of temporal - initiates swallowing via release of alpha-amylase (ptyalin) to break down starch - enters oral cavity via parotid duct - innervated by primarily to glossopharyngeal nerve; feeds into mandibular branch of facial nerve

parotid glands

viral infection of parotid

mumps

- paired, located beneath mandible, superior to digastric muscle - can be palpated - feels like a rounded ball - located 2 inches above laryngeal prominence 2 inches apart - seromucosal in nature - fluid enters oral cavity via submandibular duct (Wharton duct) - produces most saliva of all glands (65-70%) - innervated by mandibular branch of CN VII - historically known as submaxillary glands

Submandibular glands

- paired structure - located inferior to tongue and anterior to submandibular glands - primarily mucous in nature, but classified as mixed - fluid exits from Rivinus ducts; 8-20 excretory ducts; different from other ducts as it does not travel - accounts for 5% of saliva - innervated by mandibular branch of CN VII

sublingual glands

problems with dry mouth - difficulty swallowing - increased number of dental caries - halitosis (bad breath) - medicine can cause this deficiency in salivary glands

xerostomia

- 800-1000 of these - located in buccal, labial, and lingual mucosa, along with soft palate and floor of mouth - may or may not have its own excretory duct - produces mucosal fluid which lubricates oral cavity - innervated by CN VII

minor glands

What are the 3 parts of a tooth?

crown, root, and neck

covered with enamel and is about 1/3 of total length

crown

covered by the cementum and is about 2/3 of total length

root

where crown and root meets

neck

- contains 20 teeth, 5 per half arch - each half arch contains 2 incisors, 1 cuspid (canine) and 2 molars - baby teeth

Deciduous or primary dental arch

- contains 32 teeth with 8 per half arch - each half arch contains 2 incisors, 1 cuspid (canine), 2 bicuspid, and 3 molars

Permanent dental arch

way to classify occlusions or relation of upper and lower jaw as determined by teeth position

Angle's Classification

normal occlusion

Class I - Angle's Classification

Malocclusion is a distoclusion or an overbite

Class II - Angle's Classification

Malocclusion is a mesioclusion or a prognathic jaw or an underbite

Class III - Angle's classification

occurs when back teeth meet and anterior teeth do not

open bite

occurs when anterior teeth meet and posterior teeth do not

closed bite

occurs when there is an open bite on one side of dental arch

lateral open bite

What are the two muscles of the UES?

cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

primary muscle for UES closure

Cricopharyngeus

Constricts middle of pharynx during swallowing

thyropharyngeus

Where are the two bolus retention areas?

valleculae and/or piriform sinuses

Feeling of a lump or foreign object in the throat

globus

- origin and insertion inside larynx - controls phonation mostly, but adduction of VF is crucial to swallowing

intrinsic muscles

- sensory - smell

CN I - olfactory

- sensory - ability to see

CN II - optic

- movement of eyes - dilation/constriction of pupils - motor

CN III - oculomotor

- movement of eyes downward/inward - motor

CN IV - trochlear

- Sensory: face, sinuses, teeth - motor: muscles of mastication

CN V - trigeminal

- movement of eyes outward - motor

CN VI - abducens

- Taste, glands, facial expressions, eyelids closing - motor and sensory

CN VII - facial

- hearing and balance - sensitivity to sound - sensory

CN VIII - vestibulocochlear

- taste, swallowing - sensory and motor

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

- pharyngeal constriction/retraction; carries internal (sensory) and external (motor) information - longest nerve

CN X - vagus

- neck/shoulder movements (head turning and shrugging) - motor

CN XI - accessory

- tongue movements (most muscles of tongue) - motor

CN XII - hypoglossal

- junction between esophagus and stomach - gastroesophageal sphincter - barrier against reflux

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

What are signs of aspiration?

- eyes watering or runny nose - changes in respiration rate - change in lung sounds - facial grimacing - gagging - weight loss - dehydration - self change in diet (mechanical soft to puree) - pneumonia or history of pneumonia - reddening of face - difficulty in breathing - audible breathing - coughing - gurgly voice quality - high or low back pain - spiked fever - chronic, copious clear secretions

What are the signs of silent aspiration?

- significant delay in swallowing - premature release of bolus into pharynx - less than 1" excursion of larynx - history of pneumonia - gurgly voice - chronic, copious, clear secretions

stomach contents move through UES into pharynx

laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)

What cranial nerve is innervated by the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

CN X - vagus

What are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles?

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, vertical muscle, and transverse muscle

What cranial nerve is innervated by the intrinsic tongue muscles?

CN XII - hypoglossal

What are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?

styloglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, and genioglossus

What CN is innervated by the following extrinsic tongue muscles: styloglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus?

CN XII - hypoglossal

What CN is innervated by the following extrinsic tongue muscle and velum depressor: palatoglossus?

CN X - vagus

What are the velum depressors?

tensor veli palatini and palatoglossus

What CN is innervated by the velum depressor: tensor veli palatini

CN V - trigeminal

What are the velum elevator muscles?

levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, and palatopharyngeus

What is the CN for the velum elevators?

CN X - vagus

What is the CN for the mandibular elevators?

CN V - trigeminal

What is the CN for the following 3 mandibular depressors: anterior belly of digastric muscle, mylohyoid, and lateral/external pterygoid muscle?

CN V - trigeminal

What is the CN for the following mandibular depressor: geniohyoid?

CN XII - hypoglossal

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

- hyoglossus - genioglossus - digastric muscle - stylohyoid - mylohyoid - geniohyoid

What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictors? What CN are they innervated by?

Superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor CN X - vagus

What are the 4 extrinsic infrahyoid laryngeal muscles? What CN are they innervated by?

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid CN XII - hypoglossal

What are the pharyngeal elevators?

stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus

What CN is the following pharyngeal elevator innervated by: stylopharyngeus

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

What CNs are the following pharyngeal elevators innervated by: palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus?

CN X - vagus

- origin and insertion inside larynx - controls phonation mostly, but adduction of VF is crucial to swallowing

intrinsic muscles

- paired structure associated with phonation - origin: angle of thyroid cartilage - insertion: vocal processes and anterolateral arytenoids - innervation: CN X, vagus (recurrent laryngeal) - action: 1. tense and adduct VF if both points are fixed 2. shorten VF and increase cross-sectional mass which lowers pitch

thyroarytenoid

Which intrinsic muscle contains oblique and transverse fibers?

interarytenoids/arytenoids

- paired and narrow fan-shaped - antagonist to posterior cricoarytenoid - origin: upper border or anterolateral arch of cricoid cartilage - insertion: muscle process of arytenoid cartilage - innervation: CN X, vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal) - action: regulates medial compression of VF (adducts VF and controls tightness)

lateral cricoarytenoid

- at an angle and have a lot of movement - origin: posterolateral surface of arytenoid - insertion: near apex of opposite arytenoid - innervation: CN X, vagus (recurrent laryngeal) - action: approximate arytenoid cartilages

oblique fibers of interarytenoids

- horizontal fibers - origin: lateral and posterior surface of arytenoid - insertion: lateral and posterior surface of opposite arytenoid - innervation: CN X, vagus (recurrent laryngeal) - action: approximate arytenoid cartilages; adduct VF

transverse fibers

- origin: anterolateral arch of cricoid - insertion: lower margin of thyroid lamina - innervation: CN X, vagus (Superior laryngeal nerve) - action: decrease distance between thyroid lamina and cricoid; stretch VF and more tension (higher pitch)

cricothyroid

- Paired; only muscle that abducts VF - origin: posterior surface of cricoid lamina - insertion: muscle process of arytenoid - action: movement of muscle processes cause arytenoids to pivot, opening VF

posterior cricoarytenoid

Unilateral damage in intrinsic muscles causes what?

hoarseness and reduced stamina

bilateral damage in intrinsic muscles causes what?

patient is unable to breathe

What CN is responsible for hyolaryngeal excursion in the mylohyoid?

CN V - trigeminal nerve

What CN is responsible for hyolaryngeal excursion in the stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric muscles?

CN VII - facial nerve

What CN is responsible for pharyngeal constriction in the superior pharyngeal constrictor and pharyngeal widening/shortening in the stylopharyngeus?

CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve

What CN is responsible for tongue base retractions in palatoglossus and superior pharyngeal constrictors, pharyngeal construction in pharyngeal constrictors, airway closure in intrinsic laryngeal muscles, UES closing/opening in cricopharyngeus, and esophageal motility to some extent?

CN X - vagus nerve

What CN is responsible for the hyolaryngeal elevation in the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid?

CN XII - hypoglossal nerve