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A&P 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

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3
Q

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

A

the study of large, visible structures

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

looks at all structures in a particular area
of the body

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5
Q

System anatomy

A

looks at just one system

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6
Q

Surface anatomy

A

looks at internal structures as they relate
to overlying skin (visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface)

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7
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

deals with structures too small to be seen by
naked eye

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8
Q

Cytology

A

cells

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9
Q

Histology

A

tissues

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10
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

studies anatomical and physiological
development throughout life

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11
Q

Embryology

A

study of developments before birth

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12
Q

Interrelationship between anatomy and physiology

A
  • Function always reflects structure
  • What a structure can do depends on its specific form
  • Known as the principle of complementarity of structure and function
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13
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms, molecules

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14
Q

Cellular level

A

cells, organelles

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15
Q

Tissue level

A

Types of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous).

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16
Q

Organ level

A

Organs and their functions

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17
Q

Organ system level

A

Systems (e.g., cardiovascular, digestive).

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18
Q

Organismal level

A

whole organism

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19
Q

Nutrients

A

chemicals for energy and cell building

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20
Q

Carbohydrates

A

major source of energy

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21
Q

Proteins

A

needed for cell building and cell chemistry

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22
Q

Fats

A

long-term energy storage

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23
Q

Minerals and vitamins

A

involved in chemical reactions as well as for structural
purposes

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24
Q

Oxygen

A

Essential for release of energy from foods

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25
Q

Water

A

Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery environment needed for chemical reactions

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26
Q

Body Tempurature

A

If body temp falls below or goes above 37°C, rates of chemical reactions are affected

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27
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Specific pressure of air is needed for adequate breathing and gas exchange in lungs

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28
Q

Homeostasis

A

the maintenance of relatively stable internal
conditions despite continuous changes in environment
* A dynamic state of equilibrium, always readjusting as needed
* Maintained by contributions of all organ systems

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29
Q

Receptor

A

senses the enviroment
ex. pain, temperature

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30
Q

Control center

A
  • recieves input
  • decides what needs to happen
    ex. brain and spinal chord
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31
Q

Effector (exit)

A
  • output from the control center
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32
Q

Negative feedback (most common)

A

in opposition
ex. going from hot to cold

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33
Q

Positive feedback

A

more of the same
ex. after you get a cut, more platelets are formed

34
Q

Superior

A

high, close to the head

35
Q

Inferior

A

low, close to the feet

36
Q

Anterior

A

front of body

37
Q

Posterior

A

back of body

38
Q

Medial

A

midline

39
Q

lateral

A

further from the middle

40
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the trunk of the body or point of attachment

41
Q

distal

A

away from the trunk of the body or point of attachment

42
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

contains the organs and is located in the front of the body

43
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

has the cranium and vertebrate

44
Q

Cranial cavity

A

skull and brain

45
Q

Spinal cavity

A

an anatomical space formed by the vertebral column that stores an integral portion of the central nervous system

46
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

that contains your heart, lungs and other organs and tissues

47
Q

Abdominopelvic

A

abdomen: containing the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small and large intestines, kidneys, ureters
pelvic: bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, and reproductive organs

48
Q

Energy

A

the capacity to do work

49
Q

Matter

A

anything that had mass and occupies space

50
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in action

51
Q

potential energy

A

stored (inactive) energy

52
Q

States of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas and plasma

53
Q

Chemical energy

A

Stored in bonds of chemical substances

54
Q

Electrical energy

A

Results from movement of charged particles

55
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Directly involved in moving matter

56
Q

Radiant or electromagnetic energy

A

Travels in waves (example: heat, visible light, ultraviolet light, and X rays)

57
Q

Elements

A

substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods

58
Q

Atoms

A

Unique building blocks for each element
* Smallest particles of an element with properties of that element
* Give each element its physical and chemical properties

59
Q

Protons

A

positive

60
Q

Neutrons

A

neutral

61
Q

Electrons

A

negative

62
Q

Ionic bond

A

electron transfer

63
Q

Covent bond

A

electron sharing

64
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

weak interactions

65
Q

Solution

A

solute particles are very tiny and do not settle out

66
Q

Colloid

A

solute particles are larger and scatter light, do not settle out

67
Q

Suspensions

A

solute particles are very large and settle out, and may scatter light

68
Q

Decomposition (catabolic)

A

breaking down
ex. AB –> A + B

69
Q

Synthesis (anabolic)

A

bringing together
ex. A + B –> AB

70
Q

Exchange

A

also called displacement reactions, involve both synthesis and decomposition
* Bonds are both made and broken

71
Q

Activation Energy

A

Energy needed to start a reaction

72
Q

Monosaccharides

A

one sugar

73
Q

Disaccharides

A

two sugars

74
Q

Polysaccharides

A

many sugars (formed by dehydration synthesis)

75
Q

Triglycerides

A

fats when solid, oil when liquid

76
Q

Phospholipids

A

modified triglycerides
“head” and “tail”

77
Q

Steroids

A

4 interlocking ring structures
* cholesterol

78
Q

Eicosanoids

A
  • derived from a fatty acid found in cell membranes
  • most important eicosanoids are prostaglandins
79
Q

Amino acids

A

linked together by peptide bonds

80
Q
A

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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