Exam 1

Question 1

Controlled experiment

Answer 1

An experiment that is conducted under controlled conditions in which one or two factors are changed at a time to determine if a relationship exists between variables

Question 2

Treatment Group

Answer 2

Group that receives the treatment in the experiment

Question 3

Control Group

Answer 3

The group that goes not receive the treatment.

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

The set of all subjects and elements about which we are interested in making inferences

Question 5

Frame

Answer 5

A list containing all members of the population is referred to as the frame

Question 6

Census

Answer 6

A survey that includes all the elements or units in the frame

Question 7

Population Parameters

Answer 7

Facts about the population. Since parameters are descriptions of the population, a population can have many parameters

Question 8

Sample

Answer 8

A subset of the population which is used to gain insight about the population. Samples are used to represent a larger group of the population

Question 9

Process

Answer 9

A series of actions that changes inputs to outputs

Question 10

Descriptive statistics

Answer 10

-frequency distribution
-mean, median, mode
-range, variance, standard deviation

Question 11

Inferential statistics

Answer 11

To make reasonable estimates about population characteristics using sample data

Question 12

Confounding variable

Answer 12

A variable that was not controlled or accounted for by the researcher and thus damaged the integrity of the experiment

Question 13

Double blind study

Answer 13

A study in which the subjects are not told whether they are members of the experiment group or the control group and the evaluators are also not told whether their subject are members of the experiment or control group is called a double blind study

Question 14

Casual factors

Answer 14

Factors or variables that influence the response variable

Question 15

Big data

Answer 15

Any data that can be characterized by any or all of the following characteristics: volume, velocity, variety, and veracity

Question 16

Structured data

Answer 16

Highly organized, has labels, and fits in spreadsheet cells, such as each cell in the sheet is of an identifiable format called structured data

Question 17

Unstructured data

Answer 17

Data that does not have a predictable organization

Question 18

Semi-structured data

Answer 18

Data that is a combination of both structured and unstructured data

Question 19

Analytics

Answer 19

The science of examining raw data to draw conclusions about information contained in the data is called analytics

Question 20

Predictive analytics

Answer 20

Uses past data to develop models that can help determine what future events are most likely to happen

Question 21

Prescriptive Analytics

Answer 21

The development of models that help us answer the question “What should we do moving forward”

Question 22

Qualitative data

Answer 22

Measurements that can change in kind, but not in degree, qualitative measurements often consist of labels or descriptions and do not have naturally occurring numerical values

Question 23

Quantitative Data

Answer 23

Measurements that change in magnitude from trial to trial such that some order or ranking can be applied. Quantitative variables can be measured using naturally occurring numerical scale

Question 24

Discrete Data

Answer 24

Data in which the observations are restricted to a set of variables (such as 1,2,3,4) that possesses gaps are discrete

Question 25

Continuous data

Answer 25

Data that can take on any value within some interval are continuous

Question 26

Nominal data

Answer 26

Data that represents whether a variable possesses some characteristics

Question 27

Ordinal data

Answer 27

Represents categories that have some associated order Very bad Bad Fair Good Very good

Question 28

Interval data

Answer 28

If that data can be ordered and the arithmetic differences are meaningful 48 degrees-45 degrees =3 72 degrees-69 degrees=3

Question 29

Ratio Data

Answer 29

Similar to interval data, except they have a meaningful zero point and the ratio of two data points in meaningful

Question 30

Time series data

Answer 30

Measurements taken from a process over equally spaced intervals of time

Question 31

Stationary process

Answer 31

The time series varies around some central value and has approximately the same variation over the series

Question 32

Nonstationary process

Answer 32

The time series processes a trend-the series either increases over time or decreases over time

Question 33

Cross sectional data

Answer 33

Measurements created approximately the same period of time

Question 34

Frequency distribution

Answer 34

Summarizes data into classes and provides in tabular form a list of the classes along with the number of observations in each class

Question 35

Relative Frequency Distribution

Answer 35

Summarizes data into classes and provides in tabular form a list of the classes along with the proportion or percentage of observations in each class

Question 36

Cumulative Frequency

Answer 36

The sum of the frequency of a particular class and all preceding classes

Question 37

Cumulative relative frequency

Answer 37

Is the proportion of observation in a particular class and all preceding classes

Question 38

Relative frequency equation

Answer 38

Number in class —————————————— Total number of observations

Question 39

Histogram

Answer 39

Bar graph of a frequency in which the height of each bar corresponds to the frequency or relative frequency of each class

Question 40

Symmetric distribution

Answer 40

A distribution in which if a vertical line were drawn down the middle of the distribution, the two sides would mirror each other

Question 41

Skewed distribution

Answer 41

If a vertical line were drawn down the middle of the distribution, it would have a long tail to the right or left

Question 42

Stem and leaf display

Answer 42

A hybrid graphical method in which the raw data is used both order and detect patterns in the data. Each data value is broken into two parts a “stem” and a “leaf”

Question 43

Ordered array

Answer 43

A listing of a data set in either increasing or decreasing order of magnitude

Question 44

Rank order

Answer 44

Data listed in increasing order are said to be listed in rank order

Question 45

Reverse rank order

Answer 45

Data listed in decreasing order are said to be listed in