Exam 1 Flashcards
Selfish Critical Thinking
People who use their thinking to get what they want without considering how their actions affect others. This means being good at thinking but not being fair to others, being selfish, greedy, and unkind
Fairminded Critical Thinking
Work to improve their thinking and through this they make the world better for everyone. They are people who are not only good at thinking, but are fair, helpul, and generous to others.
Egocentrism
Tendency to consider only yourself, striving to advance in your own selfish interests. It is a main impediment to critical honking because it strives to validate a current way of thinking by distorting reality.
Sociocentrism
Tendency to validate your own group’s way of thinking and judging others through the perspective of your own group. This type of thinking strives to advance its group’s interests.
What are the 8 Irrational Lenses?
Prejudice/bias
Distortions
Selfishness/groupishness
Fallacious thought
Egocentric pathologies
Sociocentric pathologies
Rationalization
Projection
Projection
When a person attributes to another person what they feel or think. This distorts reality because you’re avoiding the unpleasant part of reality (such as taking responsibly for one’s actions)
Rationalization
A defense mechanism where you keep something hidden or give reasons that sound good, but are not good reasons. This enables one to get what you want without having to face their selfish motives
What are the 8 elements of thought
Purpose
Question
Information
Inferences
Implications
Assumptions
Concepts
POV
What are the 8 Intellectual Virtues
Intellectual Humility
Intellectual Courage
Intellectual Empathy
Intellectual Integrity
Intellectual Perseverance
Confidence in Reason
Independence/autonomy
Fair mindedness
What are the 9 intellectual standards
Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Depth
Breath
Logic
Significance
Fairness
Clarity
The reasoning s unambiguous and understandable in context
Accuracy
the reasoning is based on facts that can be verified
Precision
The reasoning includes the necessary level of details
Relevance
The reasoning directly bears upon the issue
Depth
The reasoner adequately deals with the complexities of the issue
Breath
The reasoner fairly considers all relevant povs
Logic
The reasoning makes sense as a whole; all parts fit together logically
Significance
The reasoning is focused on the important issues and facts
Fairness
The reasoner is fair to all sides and perspectives; is not self or group centered
Why does critical thinking matter?
- It brings quality of life: the quality of our lives depends on the quality of our thinking
- It cultivates personal agency and wisdom: as we are surrounded by a world full of agendas and POVs we need to think critically and reasonably
Fair mindedness
Predisposition to consider all the relevant points of views in an unbiased way.
It is important to develop self disciplined mind and reach higher levels of awareness.
Courage
The disposition to question beliefs that you feel strongly about
It it’s important to overcome self created inner fear ( the fear is created by linking beliefs to identity
Humility
Knowledge of ignorance, sensitivity to what you know and don’t know
It improves our thinking and enables us to recognize our prejudices, false beliefs, and habits of mind that lead to flawed learning.
Empathy
Awareness of the need to understand views that differ from your own, especially the ones you disagree with
It’s important because it leads to fairness and genuine understanding of others thoughts, feelings, and emotions which makes the world better
Integrity
Holding yourself the same intellectual standards that you expect of others
It’s important to make our beliefs and actions consistent.
Perseverance
The disposition to make your way through the complexities despite frustrations
It is important because it takes intellectual work to understand the views of others
Confidence in reason
Based on the belief that one’s own higher interest and those of humankind are best served by giving the freest play to reason.
It’s important because it allows us to consider other reasoning and adjust our thinking to better reasoning.
Autonomy
Thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality
Independent thinking is a prerequisite to thinking within multiple perspectives
