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Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is grammar a bridge between reading comprehension and writing comprehension?

A

Help students to understand sentences and then being able to understand what they are writing

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2
Q

Subject

A

Thing doing something (the who)

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3
Q

Predicate

A

Thing being done (did what)

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4
Q

Object

A

Thing being acted upon (to whom or what)

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5
Q

Noun

A

Who or what did it

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6
Q

What is biologically primary knowledge?

A

Evolutionary skills we acquire naturally (ex: being able to speak a language)

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7
Q

What is biologically secondary knowledge?

A

Cultural knowledge we don’t acquire naturally (ex: reading, writing)

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8
Q

🧠 Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for planning and executing motor movements for writing ✍️

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9
Q

Broca’s area is located in the frontal lobe, what does it do?

A

Where we think about grammar

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10
Q

🧠 Parietal Lobe

A

Responsible for integrating information from the other lobes ⛓️

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11
Q

🧠 Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing 👁️

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12
Q

What does wernicke’s area do?

A

It recognizes individual sounds and remembers where they’ve heard it before (recall) 🤔

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13
Q

What does the word form area do?

A

Stores sight words 👀

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14
Q

🧠 Temporal lobe

A

Stores sounds (individual sounds) 👂

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15
Q

What does the four part processing model for word recognition consist of?

A

(Context)
|
(Meaning)
/ \
(Phonological) {phonics} (orthographic)

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16
Q

Prealphabetic

A

Know general print concepts
Recognize incidental visual features of words

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17
Q

Early Alphabetic

A

Know some letter/sound correspondence
Early phonological phonemic awareness skill

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18
Q

Later Alphabetic

A

Begin to recognize sight words with automaticity
Uses grapheme-phoneme correspondence
Segment and blend 3-4 phonemes

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19
Q

Consolidated Alphabetic

A

Developing sight words
Orthographic mapping links, word families, syllables, and morphemes
Deletes, substitutes, and reverses phonemes

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20
Q

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is ___________ in origin

A

Neurobiological

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21
Q

Characteristics of Dyslexia

A

Difficulties with accurate or fluent word recognition
Poor spelling and decoding skills

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22
Q

Dyslexia often occurs because of deficiencies in the ____________________ component of language processing

A

Phonological

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23
Q

In the dyslexic brain, the _______ and ________ areas of the brain don’t light up

A

WFA … Wernicke’s area

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24
Q

In the dyslexic brain, _______________ is advanced in their language (very verbal)

A

Broca’s area

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25
What is kinetic reversal
When the full order of a word is flipped
26
What is static reversal
When one letter is flipped in a word
27
Instructional planning for Explixit instruction (how will you design the lesson for the subject knowledge to be attainable for students?)
Focus on critical content Sequence skills logically Break down complex ideas
28
Explicit Instruction is… (what are its components?)
Clear about the purpose and rationale for learning Clear expectations Modeling Supported practice Feedback Less support till student achieves independent mastery
29
Strategy for helping students with dyslexia
Having them repeat the directions in their own words
30
Multi sensory approach to teaching reading involves…
Integrating visual, auditory, tactile, kinesthetic learning elements
31
What does Dyslexia affect?
It affects reading and writing
32
What is orthographic processing
Ability to recognize written words
33
What is language comprehension
The ability to understand and use language in oral form
34
Purpose of content coverage
To ensure that students have a deep understanding of a specific topic
35
What is the recommended frequency of review?
Daily
36
What is the estimated increase in potential active engagement Time for students when routines are developed and instructional session start on time
10 minutes a day
37
What is decodable text
Text that is designed to match the phonics skills that students are learning
38
What is the importance of assessment in Structural Literature
To ensure that students are retaining previously learned skills over time
39
What is EXplicit Instruction
Provides Clear and Direct instruction
40
What is IMplicit Instruction
Teaching through example and observation
41
What is meaning
The interpretation of word meaning organize words into meaning networks
42
What is phonological 📞 👂
Detects, recalls, and understands phonemes
43
What is orthography 👁️
Recognizes, stores, and recalls letters and combination of letters that we use to recognize written language Spelling Consistent way to think about sequence
44
What is Context
Is this appropriate for this time/moment What impact will it have Language of a sentence
45
What is a verb
Most tell what the nouns do (the predicate)
46
Design organized lesson plan for Explicit Instruction
Review ( connect to prior knowledge) Presentation (objective) Guided practice Corrections and feedback Independent practice Weekly/monthy practice Deliver at brisk pace
47
Explicit Instruction characteristics of structured literacy
Student teacher interaction Decidable text Review Modeling Providing feedback Being intentional Scaffolding
48
Teaching of literacy at multiple levels-phonemes, letter-sound relationships, syllable patterns, morphemes, vocabulary, sentence structure, paragraph structure, and text structure is …
Explicit, systematic, and sequential
49
For structured literacy, practice is _________ and ongoing review
Cumulative
50
Structured Literacy has a high level of ___________-____________ interaction
Student- teacher
51
What kind of text does Structured Literacy use?
Decodable text
52
What does the strive for five look like?
Having a meaningful conversation with a student that broadens what they know *teacher asks a question *student replies *teacher challenges (encourages student to expand/broaden their response (tell me more)) -scaffold up or down *student replies *teacher expansion (expand the idea of what the student said, and what you were hoping for the student to understand)
53
What characteristics of letters is important for teachers to know when teaching reading and spelling?
Letter name, shape, and sound
54
When teaching the alphabet, if the visual form of a letter is similar for an upper and lowercase letter, should we teach them together or separate?
Teach them together (Ex: Ww)
55
When letters are visually similar, make sure students can _____________, ____________, and ____________ one letter in the pair before focusing on the next visually similar letter
Recognize Name Produce
56
For explicit instruction of alphabet knowledge, how much time should we aim for in practice?
Aim for about 15 minutes
57
What is phonological awareness?
It allows students to work with spoken language in order to learn how to read and write
58
What does the phonological awareness ladder look like?
|____________________| | phonemes | |____________________| | onset & rime | |____________________| | syllables | |____________________| |rhyme & alliteration| |____________________| | words |
59
What is phonological awareness: words
The ability to separate a sentence into the words that make up that sentence
60
What is phonological awareness: rhyme awareness
The ability to recognize the commonality in the vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words
61
What is phonological awareness: alliteration awareness
The ability to recognize the commonality of initial sounds in a series of words
62
What is phonological awareness: syllable awareness
The ability to separate words into syllables and blend those syllables into words
63
What is phonological awareness: onset and rime awareness
The ability to recognize a rime and create new words utilizing different onsets
64
Define orthographic 👁️
Recognizing letters within a word
65
Define orthographic 👁️
Recognizing letters within a word
66
Define phoneme 📞
Smaller unit of sound that differentiates one word from another
67
Define grapheme
A visual representation of a sound
68
Define grapheme
A visual representation of a sound
69
What is the most complex skill in phonemic awareness
Phoneme deletion
70
What is orthography?
Refers to the correct sequences of letters in words
71
How is orthography connected to phonics
Phonics is bridging phonology with orthography Reproducing oral language in our head when reading
72
Why is it important for students to have word knowledge
Students develop a general knowledge of English spelling Students also increase their specific knowledge of words particularly the spellings and meanings of individual words
73
What is the Alphabetic layer of English Orthography
Represents the relationship between letters and sounds (ex: alphabetic principle)
74
What is the Pattern layer of English Orthography
Represents the groupings of letters to address the ratio of sounds to available letters (ex: digraphs)
75
What is the Meaning layer of English Orthography
Represents the smallest units of meaning (morphemes) in the English language (ex: structural analysis)
76
What is the Developmental Spelling Inventory
An assessment tool that allows teachers to gauge how students are applying phonics knowledge to spelling
77
Articulation refers to how ___________ are made in the ________________
Speech sounds Vocal tract
78
What is voicing
There are voiced and unvoiced consonants Voiced (vocal chords vibrate) Unvoiced (no vibration)
79
Which place of articulation uses just the lips 👄
Bilabial
80
Which place of articulation uses the lips and teeth 👄 🦷
Labiodental
81
Which place of articulation uses the tongue and teeth 👅 🦷
Interdental
82
Which place of articulation uses the tongue and ridge 👅 7
Alveolar
83
Which place of articulation uses the hard palate 🤫
Palatal
84
Which place of articulation uses the velum🗣️
Velar
85
Which place of articulation uses the glottis 👤
Glottal
86
Which manner of articulation uses stopping the breath
Stops
87
Which manner of articulation uses push air into smaller spaces ~ funneling creating friction
Fricatives
88
Which manner of articulation uses a stop quality and fricative (holding in air, but also have funneling)
Affricates
89
Which manner of articulation uses taking in air through nose
Nasal
90
Which manner of articulation uses little obstruction in vocal chords as possible
Liquid
91
Which manner of articulation uses gliding motion of the tongue
Glides
92
Which manner of articulation uses aviolar ridge - tip of tongue touches ridge
Tap
93
What is an analogy
A comparison between two typically unlike things
94
Why are analogy charts helpful
They help students to differentiate and apply a concept
95
When creating word study sorts, how should we provide scaffolding
Picture/word Target sound Letter representing sound Which anchor word the picture belongs under

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