Exam 1 Flashcards by Cassie Nanoff

Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change):

Precontemplation

The client is not yet considering change and may be unaware of the problem.

Social Worker’s Role: Raise awareness, discuss consequences, and help the client see the potential for change.

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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change):

Contemplation

The client acknowledges the problem but is ambivalent about change.

Social Worker’s Role: Explore pros and cons, reinforce the client’s self-efficacy, and address ambivalence.

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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change):

Preparation

The client is planning to take action soon and may begin taking small steps.

Social Worker’s Role: Assist with action planning, set SMART goals, and provide resources.

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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change):

Action

The client is actively working on change, such as quitting a habit or adopting new behaviors.

Social Worker’s Role: Provide support, monitor progress, and help navigate challenges.

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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change):

Maintenance

The client is working to sustain the change and prevent relapse.

Social Worker’s Role: Support relapse prevention strategies, reinforce positive behaviors, and encourage long-term planning

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Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change):

Termination

The client has sustained change over time and no longer needs regular intervention.

Social Worker’s Role: Ensure the client has a strong support network and help them reflect on their journey.

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Strengths Perspective:

Key Principles

Focus on client’s strengths, resources, and resilience rather than their problems and deficits.

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Strengths Perspective:

Implementation

Techniques to leverage strengths, such as empowering clients to identify their own solutions and encouraging them to draw on their existing resources.

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Solution-focused Interviewing for Client Strengths and Solutions:

SMART Goals

Specific: Clearly define what is to be achieved.
Measurable: Include criteria to measure progress and success.
Achievable: Ensure the goal is realistic and attainable.
Relevant: Align with the client’s values and long-term objectives.
Time-bound: Set a clear timeline for when the goal should be achieved.

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Solution-focused Interviewing for Client Strengths and Solutions:

Types of Questions

Miracle Question: “If you woke up tomorrow and your problem was solved, what would be different?”

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Solution-focused Interviewing for Client Strengths and Solutions:

Scaling Questions

Types of Questions

Gauges client’s confidence and readiness, and helps identify areas needing more support.

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Solution-focused Interviewing for Client Strengths and Solutions:

Exception-seeking Questions

Types of Questions

Identifies past successes, helping clients realize they have overcome similar challenges before.

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Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Change:

Empathy

Carl Rogers: The Therapeutic Relationship

The therapist’s ability to understand the client’s feelings and experiences from their perspective.

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Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Change:

Congruence (Authenticity)

Carl Rogers: The Therapeutic Relationship

The therapist’s ability to be genuine and transparent with the client.

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Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Change:

Unconditional Positive Regard

Carl Rogers: The Therapeutic Relationship

Accepting and valuing the client without judgment.

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Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Change:

Responding Authentically

Carl Rogers: The Therapeutic Relationship

How to maintain authenticity in responses to clients, showing real empathy and support rather than a clinical or detached attitude.

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What is Attachment Theory?

Understanding how early attachment relationships influence the client’s current relationships and behavior.

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Attachment Theory

Secure Attachment

Attachment Style

Clients feel safe and supported in relationships.

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Attachment Theory

Avoidant Attachment

Attachment Style

Clients may distance themselves emotionally from others.

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Attachment Theory

Disorganized Attachment

Attachment Style

Clients may display inconsistent or erratic behaviors in relationships.

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Attachment Theory
Application

Tailoring your approach to the client’s attachment style, such as providing more reassurance to someone with anxious attachment or being more patient with someone who is avoidant.

Purpose of Grounding Techniques?

Techniques to help clients stay present, manage overwhelming emotions, and prevent dissociation during therapy.

Grounding Techniques

Breathing Exercises

Teaching clients to focus on their breath to calm their nervous system.

Grounding Techniques

Sensory Awareness

Encouraging clients to focus on their five senses to stay grounded in the present moment.

# Grounding Techniques Mindfulness

Practicing mindfulness meditation to increase awareness and control over thoughts and emotions.

# The Psychosocial (Psychodynamic) Model: Transference | Salient Elements of the Client-Worker Relationship

Definition: The client unconsciously projects feelings about significant people in their life onto the therapist. ## Footnote Transference Neurosis: An intense form of transference that may become central to the therapeutic process.

# The Psychosocial (Psychodynamic) Model Countertransference | Salient Elements of the Client-Worker Relationship

Definition: The therapist’s emotional response to the client’s transference, often based on the therapist’s own unconscious feelings. ## Footnote Managing Countertransference: Techniques for recognizing and controlling personal emotional responses to maintain objectivity. Mentalization: Understanding and reflecting on the client’s mental state and feelings through the therapist’s emotional responses.

# The Psychosocial (Psychodynamic) Model Personality Theory | Salient Elements of the Client-Worker Relationship

Id: The primal part of the personality, focused on basic needs and desires. Ego: The rational part that mediates between the id and reality, managing impulses in a socially acceptable way. Superego: The moral conscience, representing internalized societal and parental standards.

# The Psychosocial (Psychodynamic) Model: Salient Elements of the Client-W Ego Functions | Personality Theory

Reality Testing: The ability to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Impulse Control: Managing immediate reactions and desires. Affect Regulation: Managing and responding to emotional experiences appropriately.

# The Psychosocial (Psychodynamic) Model: Salient Elements of the Client-W Defenses | Personality Theory

Common Defense Mechanisms: Repression, projection, denial, displacement, rationalization, and more. ## Footnote Identifying Defenses in Scenarios: Recognizing when a client might be using a defense mechanism and understanding its purpose.

# Basic Treatment Techniques of the Psychosocial (Relational Psychodynamic Sustainment

Providing emotional support and validation to help the client feel understood and accepted.

# Basic Treatment Techniques of the Psychosocial (Relational Psychodynamic Direct Influence

Guiding the client’s behavior by offering suggestions or advice based on the therapist’s expertise.

# Basic Treatment Techniques of the Psychosocial (Relational Psychodynamic Ventilation

Encouraging the client to express and explore their emotions freely as a way to gain relief and insight.

# Basic Treatment Techniques of the Psychosocial (Relational Psychodynamic Person-situation Reflection: | Dynamic Reflection:

Understanding the client’s issues within the context of their current life circumstances and environment.

# Basic Treatment Techniques of the Psychosocial (Relational Psychodynamic Developmental Understanding: | Dynamic Reflection

Examining how the client’s developmental history shapes their current behavior and relationships.

# Basic Treatment Techniques of the Psychosocial (Relational Psychodynamic Pattern-dynamic Reflection | Dynamic Reflection

Identifying and reflecting on recurring patterns in the client’s life and relationships.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Treatment Approach

CBT focuses on identifying and changing maladaptive thoughts, behaviors, and emotional responses. It is structured, goal-oriented, and often short-term.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Theoretical Underpinnings:

CBT evolved from behaviorism and cognitive psychology, with key contributions from Aaron Beck (cognitive therapy) and Albert Ellis (rational emotive behavior therapy).

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Cognitive Triangle

The interaction between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Appraisal

Assessing and evaluating situations, often leading to automatic thoughts that can be either helpful or harmful.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Steps in CBT

1. Identifying Cognitive Distortions: Recognizing patterns of distorted thinking. 2. Challenging and Restructuring Thoughts: Actively questioning and changing irrational beliefs. 3. Behavioral Activation: Encouraging clients to engage in positive activities that counteract negative behaviors. 4. Homework Assignments: Practicing new skills and behaviors outside of therapy sessions.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Automatic Behaviors & Thoughts

Recognizing habitual, often unconscious behaviors and thoughts that are maladaptive.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Core Beliefs & Maladaptive Schemas

Deep-seated beliefs that shape how individuals view themselves and the world.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: All-or-Nothing Thinking | Common Cognitive Distortions

Seeing things in black-and-white terms.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Overgeneralization | Common Cognitive Distortions

Making broad conclusions based on a single event.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Catastrophizing | Common Cognitive Distortions

Expecting the worst possible outcome.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Mind Reading | Common Cognitive Distortions

Assuming others are thinking negatively about you.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Cognitive Restructuring

Techniques for challenging and changing negative thought patterns.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Behavioral Sequencing

Breaking down behaviors into smaller steps to analyze and modify them.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Repetition & Practice

Emphasizing the importance of consistent practice in developing new, healthier cognitive and behavioral patterns.

# Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Components and Procedures: Automaticity

The goal of making positive thoughts and behaviors automatic through consistent practice and repetition.

Grounding Techniques and Panic Attacks

A client experiencing panic attacks might benefit from grounding techniques like focusing on the sensation of their feet on the ground.