Exam #1 Flashcards
What are some unique traits of human beings?
Technological Innovation and Adaptation, Culture Exchange and Hybridization and Social and Political Movements.
What is the Technological Innovation and Adaptation?
Industrial Revolution: The rapid development of machinery and technology from the late 18th century onwards transformed economies and societies.
Digital Revolution: The advent of the internet, mobile technology, and digital communication has drastically altered how humans interact, share information, and conduct business on a global scale.
What is Culture Exchange and Hybridization?
Globalization: The process of globalization, particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries, has led to increased cultural exchange.
Mass Media and Entertainment: The global reach of films, music, television, and the internet has led to the worldwide spread of cultural trends, ideas, and values, influencing lifestyles and social norms.
What are the Social and Political Movements?
Human Rights Movements: Modern history has seen the rise of movements advocating for civil rights, gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and racial equality.
Democratization and Political Change: The 20th and 21st centuries have been marked by the spread of democratic governance and the struggle for self-determination, often leading to the establishment of new nations and the restructuring of political boundaries.
What characterized the Paleolithic Era/Age?
Hunting and Gathering Lifestyle
Foraging Economy: Paleolithic humans were primarily hunter-gatherers, relying on wild animals, fish, and plant resources for sustenance.
Nomadic Existence: Due to the need to follow animal migrations and seasonal growth cycles of plants, Paleolithic humans were typically nomadic, moving regularly to exploit different environments.
Paleolithic Era/Age Duration
2.6 million years ago, around 10,000 BCE.
Paleolithic Era/Age Timeline
Lower Paleolithic (c. 2.6 million to 300,000 years ago)
Middle Paleolithic (c. 300,000 to 40,000 years ago)
Upper Paleolithic (c. 40,000 to 10,000 years ago)
Paleolithic Era/Age Sustenance
Animal Hunting: Early humans hunted a variety of animals for meat, including large game like mammoths, bison, deer, and smaller animals such as rabbits and birds.
Tools and Techniques: Hunting was often done using tools like spears, hand axes, and later, more sophisticated weapons like bows and arrows
Fishing: In areas near water sources, fishing became an important source of food.
When and what was the Neolithic Revolution?
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the Agricultural Revolution, was a period of significant change in human history that began around 10,000 B.C. region?
Why was the Neolithic Revolution important?
Fundamentally changed how humans lived, ate, and interacted with their environment, allowing for population growth and the emergence of specialized roles within communities.
Name The Neolithic Revolutions major effects?
The establishment of permanent settlements, the domestication of plants and animals, a significant population increase due to increased food production, the development of specialized labor, advancements in tools and technology, and the emergence of early civilizations with complex social structures, art, and religion.
What is the relationship between the Neolithic Revolution and the first human civilizations?
Directly led to the development of the first human civilizations by enabling people to transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agricultural communities, which allowed for population growth, specialization of labor.
What is polytheism?
The belief of the existence of many gods.
What is Monotheism?
The belief in a single god; especially within an organized religion.
Who is Abraham and why is he significant?
(Judaism)
Abraham was the first Hebrew patriarch and is revered in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. According to the Bible, he was called by God to journey to a new land, where he founded a new nation.
Where is the Canaan region?
The southern Levant, which is now made up of Israel, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza, and parts of Lebanon and Syria.
Was there enslavement in Judasim? If so, where?
Jews participated in the European colonization of the Americas, owning and trading black slaves in Latin America and the Caribbean, most notably in Brazil and Suriname, but also in Barbados and Jamaica
Exodus. From where? To where? Role of Moses? (Judasim)
Moses led the Jews out of slavery in Egypt and led them to the Holy Land that God had promised them. The escape of the Jews from Egypt is remembered by Jews every year in the festival of Passover. The Jews were helped on their journey by God; the same God who’d promised Abraham that he would look after the Jews.
Mosaic Covenant. What is it? Why is it significant?
The Mosaic Covenant was a conditional agreement between God and the Israelites that established the nation of Israel and defined their relationship with God.
Why is Judaism unique in the time in which it emerged?
It was one of the first, if not the first, major monotheistic religions in a world that was largely polytheistic.
How is Judaism connected to Christianity and Islam?
Because Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all recognize Abraham as their first prophet, they are also called the Abrahamic religions.
What are some examples of shared themes found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
Monotheism, tracing their lineage to Abraham, the importance of prophets, the concept of divine revelation through sacred texts, ethical teachings like charity and justice, and the practice of prayer and pilgrimage.
Judaism often focuses on issues of injustice and overcoming oppression. Explain why.
Judaism emphasizes justice and combating oppression due to its history of suffering, Biblical commandments for fairness, prophetic calls for social justice, and ethical teachings on responsibility for others.
Assess the accuracy of this statement: “In 2024, there are roughly the same number of people who call themselves Jewish, Christian, and Muslim”.
The statement is inaccurate. In 2024, Christianity has about 2.4 billion adherents, Islam has around 1.9 billion, and Judaism has approximately 15 million followers. Christianity and Islam have much larger global populations compared to Judaism.
What is anti-Semitism?
Prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people, including negative attitudes, stereotypes, exclusion, violence, and systemic discrimination.
What are some historical examples of where anti-Semitism has been used to target Jewish people?
The Holocaust (1941-1945): Systematic genocide of six million Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II.
The Spanish Inquisition (15th-16th centuries): Persecution of Jews in Spain, including forced conversions and executions.
When did the ancient United Kingdom of Israel exist?
The ancient United Kingdom of Israel existed from around 1020 BCE to 930 BCE during the reigns of Saul, David, and Solomon. After Solomon’s death, the kingdom split into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah.
When was the modern state of Israel formed?
The modern state of Israel was formed on May 14, 1948, following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine and a United Nations resolution to partition the land into Jewish and Arab states.
What is the connection between the modern state of Israel and the ancient United Kingdom of Israel?
The modern state of Israel is connected to the ancient kingdom through historical and religious ties, as both are seen as the Jewish homeland, with the ancient kingdom representing their biblical roots and the modern state reestablishing that homeland in 1948.
What is Jerusalem?
Jerusalem is a city of profound religious and historical significance for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It is the capital of Israel and one of the oldest cities in the world, central to major religious events and traditions.
Where is Jerusalem?
Jerusalem is located in the Middle East, in the modern state of Israel, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea. It is situated on a plateau in the Judean Mountains.
