Exam 1 Flashcards
How do you define health?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Wellness
Interchangeable with health, active state of being, promotes good, physical, mental and emotional health.
WHO (World Health Organization)
provide leadership on matters critical to health, shape research agenda, assess health trends.
Healthy People (2020,2030)
Provides a framework to help the U.S. increase it’s focus of health promotion and disease prevention.
Health Belief Model
Relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors
Health Promotion Model
dynamic state of pursuing health
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Interrelationship of basic human needs
Holistic Health Model
relationship between body, mind, and spirit affects health
Primary Health Promotion & Illness Prevention
Promotes health, prevents diseases and/or injuries
Example of Primary Health Promotion
Immunization clinics, family planning services, accident prevention education
Secondary Health Promotion & Illness Prevention
Focuses on screening for early detection of disease
Example of Secondary Health Promotion
Health screenings, dental visits, vision examinations
Tertiary Health Promotion & Illness Prevention
Begins after an illness, goal to reduce disability and rehabilitate patients to maximum level of functioning
Examples of Tertiary Health Promotion
Education on medication, medical therapy, surgical treatment, rehabilitation
Nonmodifiable Risk Factors
Age, gender, genetics, family history
Modifiable Risk Factors
Diet, Rest, Smoking, alcohol abuse
Environmental Risk Factors
Air, water, soil
Disease
Pathologic change in the body
Illness
response to the disease process
Acute Ilness
Rapid onset of symptoms, usually lasts a short time
Example of Acute illness
Common cold, diarrhea, pneumonia
Chronic Illness
A permanent change, usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission (has disease but no symptoms) and exacerbation (has disease with symptoms)
Examples of Chronic Illness
Diabetes, arthritis, chronic heart failure
Behaviors of Illness
Experiencing symptoms, assuming the sick role, assuming the dependent role, achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Health Disparities
Differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality rate and burden of diseases
Impact of Illness on Patient and Family
Behavioral and emotional changes, impact on body image, impact on self-concept, impact on family roles, and impact on family dynamics
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (listed)
Self-actualization, esteem, love/belonging, safety, physiological
Precontemplation
no recognition of need for or interest in change
Preparation
Planning for change
Contemplation
thinking about changing
Action
adopting new habits
Maintenance
ongoing practice of new healthier behavior
Internal Influences of health
Stage of development, intellect, perception of function, emotional, spiritual
External influences of health
Family role, social determinants of health, culture
Interpersonal Relationship
take initiative in establishing and maintaining communication, respond appropriately, non-judgmental
Trust
assured belief that others are capable of assisting in times of distress and will probably do so.
Empathy
Ability to walk a mile in another person’s shoes
Autonomy
ability to direct and control one’s activities and destiny
Caring
Energy that allows caregivers to unconditionally accept all people, even when they are most unloveable
Hope
expectation of achieving a future good
Preparation phase
The caregiver gathers data and prepares for the relationship
Orientation phase
The caregiver and the client become acquainted, agree to work with each other, and establish the purpose for the relationship
Working phase
The client and caregiver work toward the goals in the client-caregiver agreement
Termination phase
Goals are completed, and the client and caregiver share a sense of accomplishment. Ending of the relationship.
Peplau’s theory
identifies 6 main nursing roles: stranger, teacher, resource person, counselor, surrogate, and leader
Travelbee’s theory
human suffering has meaning
King’s theory
dynamic, interpersonal relationship has patient growth and goal attainment
Transference
transferring feelings about a person(s) to another unrelated person
Therapeutic environment (milieu)
to provide for patients’ optimal safety and healing
Counter transference
transferring of nurse’s feelings onto the client
SBAR
situation, background, assessment, recommendation
Therapeutic communication techniques
clarifying, focusing, paraphrasing, validation, open-ended questions, asking for what you need, summarizing, self-disclosure, giving information, confrontation
