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NRSG 301: Secondary Prevention > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

term:
response to trauma. surgery, severe illness, or body cavity

A

physiologic stress

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2
Q

flight or flight response

A

sympathetic response

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3
Q

during a sympathetic response what happens to blood vessel?

A

vasoconstriction

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4
Q

when in flight or flight what happens to pupils?

A

Dialation

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5
Q

rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

what happens to blood vessels during a parasympathetic response?

A

Vasodilation

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7
Q

fluid moves to what area of the body?

A

interstitial tissue

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8
Q

fluid shifts result in

A

peripheral edema and fluid accumulation around the surgical or trauma site

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9
Q

where does Na flow?

A

Na follows water

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10
Q

during surgery is sodium high or low?

A

High because in surgery you are always given fluids and sodium will always follow

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11
Q

What is the normal sodium range?

*know for acid base imbalance

A

135 - 145

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12
Q

What is the normal range for potassium

A

3.5 - 5.0

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13
Q

potassium will most likely only go up during what

A

renal problem or kidney failure

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14
Q

what happens to potassium?

A

It gets excreted

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15
Q

during surgery what occurs for Na and K?

A

Na goes up

K goes down

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16
Q

why is the passing of K important?
excretion of potassium

A

if K is not in the normal range, you cannot shock a person back during arrhythmias.

K helps with electricity

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17
Q

what does the EKG tracing show for low K

A

Shows a “U”

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18
Q

Post surgery where are some areas we can expect to see fluid build up?

A

at the site of the surgery (Appendectomy, for example)

feet, ankles, shins, hands, face, and maybe even above the eyes

19
Q

Why is fluid accumulation / edema around the eyes bad?

A

it can cause damage to the cornea and the eyeball itself

20
Q

what happens when a vein gets hit and / or a large bone?

A

Lots of blood loss very rapidly

  • Femur, blood marrow, hips, pelvis, and tibia for example
21
Q

when you loose blood what is also going to happen?

A

Hypotension, hypovolemia, and thirst

22
Q

“Low blood volume”

A

Hypovolemia

23
Q

taking bp while sitting down, standing up, and laying down

A

orthostatic hypotension

24
Q

what does ACTH affect?

A

Our cortisol levels

25
Q

sodium and water retention
and potassium excretion

what does this mean for the nurse?

A

less urine produced

increased blood volume

increased blood pressure

inability to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium due to compromised renal regulation

26
Q

if a patient has increased water retention, what happens with blood pressure?

A

BP goes up slightly

27
Q

At what point (systolic value) do you stop perfusing your kidneys and you are in danger

A

Kidneys stop perfusing at 70 systolic

27
Q

if a patient is struggling to urinate after surgery and look at the surgical notes:

You read that during the procedure the patients blood pressure fell to 70 systolic, why is this important?

A

because at 70 systolic - you stop perfusing your kidneys. So it would be “normal” to have a delayed urination

27
Q

what gland releases an AntiDiuretic hormone?

A

pituitary gland

28
Q

prior to surgery a patient had a blood pressure of 120/80

after surgery the monitor reads 130/84

why did it increase?

A

The fluid shift

29
Q

cortisol affects

A

glucose

30
Q

What is a possible glucose level after an open heart surgery (very invasive and stressful procedure) think about cortisol..

A

It’s not uncommon to see over 700

30
Q

what is a normal glucose level?

A

7.5

30
Q

vasopressin causes

A

kidneys to conserve water and is a vascular pressor

31
Q

what population is more susceptible to high cortisol levels?

A

older clients and female

32
Q

involves an increased level of endogenous hepatic glucose production while insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose uptake is reduced

A

stress hyperglycemia (acute response)

33
Q

is diabetes chronic or an acute condition?

A

Chronic

34
Q

too much stress can cause a gastric ulcer. how?

A

damage to the stomach mucosal barrier

35
Q

what causes stomach ulcers, what increases and decreases?

A

bile salts increases and blood flow decrease

36
Q

what to do to prevent stomach ulcers

A

raise the head of the bed (better oxygenation and also prevents from gastrics coming up) and give IV Push ProTonics

37
Q

NG tube patients must never lay in what position

A

Laying flat - aspiration is highly if flat

38
Q

What is an IV Push of Protonics

A

it’s a proton pump inhibitor to help from developing a stomach ulcer

39
Q

What are some symptoms of a stress ulcer?

A
  • dull stomach paining
  • heartburn
    -bloating and feeling full
    -nausea
40
Q
A

NRSG 301: Secondary Prevention (1 decks)

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