Exam 1

Question 1

Clovis People

Answer 1

Term used for the oldest inhabitants of the Americas most probably from modern-day Siberia who would have traveled the Bering Strait some 11,000 years ago

Question 2

Mesoamerica

Answer 2

Land area of the Archaic period including the lower portion of modern-day Mexico and the rest of Central America where many native societies flourished

Question 3

Cahokia

Answer 3

Major trading center in the Mississippi River valley near modern-day St. Louis, Missouri, from the seventh to the thirteenth centuries

Question 4

Christopher Columbus

Answer 4

Sea captain working for the Spanish crown whose trans-Atlantic voyages helped introduce the “New World” to Europeans
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

Question 5

Colony

Answer 5

A geographic area in one nation under control by another nation and typically occupied at least partly by settlers from that other nation

Question 6

Bartolomé de Las Casas

Answer 6

Dominican friar who fought for fairer treatment of indigenous people in Spanish colonies

Question 7

Encomienda

Answer 7

The right to exact tribute and labor from the native peoples on large tracts of land in Spanish America; also the name given to the land and village in such tracts.

Question 8

Popé

Answer 8

Native American religious leader who led a successful uprising against the Spanish in 1680

Question 9

Mestizo

Answer 9

A person of mixed European and American descent, traditionally in Spanish-speaking territories and nations

Question 10

Globalization

Answer 10

The process of interaction and exchange between peoples and ideas from different parts of the globe

Question 11

“Atlantic World”

Answer 11

The peoples and empires around the Atlantic Ocean rim that became interconnected in the 16th century

Question 12

Imperialism

Answer 12

The process whereby an empire or nation pursues military, political, or economic advantage by extending its rule over external territories and peoples

Question 13

Colonization

Answer 13

A process by which a country or territory falls, usually by force, under the control of a hostile country or territory

Question 14

Charter

Answer 14

A formal order from a governmental leader or body, like the king of a court, often granting the recipient power over a body of land, a business, or a people

Question 15

Mercantilism

Answer 15

An economic theory popular in Europe from the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries holding that nations were in competition with one another for wealth, and that the state should maximize its wealth by limiting imports and establishing new colonies that would provide access to precious minerals, spices, and enslaved labor

Question 16

Protestant Reformation

Answer 16

The schism in the Catholic Church that began in 1517 with Martin Luther and led to new forms of Christian denominations still recognizable today

Question 17

Elizabeth I

Answer 17

Protestant Queen of England for the latter half of the 1500s who presided over the beginnings of English colonial enterprises in America

Question 18

Puritans

Answer 18

A sect of Protestants of England that wished to “purify” the Church of England of its Catholic ceremonies and practices

Question 19

Roanoke

Answer 19

The first English colony attempted in North America

Question 20

Archaic Period

Answer 20

Term for the early history of humans in America, beginning around 8000 B.C

Question 21

Bartolomeu Dias

Answer 21

Rounded the Cape of Good Hope in Africa in 1486

Question 22

Vasco de Gama

Answer 22

Continued around the Cape of Good Hope into India in 1497-1498

Question 23

Vasco de Balboa

Answer 23

Crossed the Ithmus of Panama in 1513, making him the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

Question 24

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 24

Found the strait that bears his name at the end of South America, sailed the Pacific Ocean, and proceeded to the Philippines.

Question 25

Hernando Cortés

Answer 25

In 1518, led a small military expedition of about 600 men against the Aztecs in Mexico and their powerful emperor, Montezuma, after hearing stories of their great treasures.