Exam 1

Question 1

Family

Answer 1

A family is a group of two people or more (one
of whom is the householder) related by birth,
marriage, or adoption and residing together;

Question 2

Family Household

Answer 2

A family household is a household maintained
by a householder who is in a family, and includes any unrelated people
who may be residing
there.

Question 3

Family-Decline Perspective

Answer 3

Critics have described the relaxation of institutional
control over relationships and families as “family
decline” or “breakdown.

Question 4

Family-Change
Perspective

Answer 4

Others agree that changes have occurred with family, but
argue that change represents historically expected
adjustments to changing conditions in society.
Families in the past experienced similar challenges
Family is an “adaptable institution” and, as such, changes in
response to larger social change

Question 5

Conditions That Impact Families

Answer 5

Ever-New Biological and Communication Technologies
Economic Conditions
Historical Periods or Events
Demographic Characteristics
Family Policy

Question 6

The Freedom and Pressures of
Choosing

Answer 6

People make choices even when they are not aware of it.
The best decisions are informed ones.
Structural constraints, economic and social forces, limit
personal choices.
But just as society influences individuals, so individuals can
create social change

Question 7

Making Informed Decisions

Answer 7

1. Recognizing as many options or alternatives as
   possible
2. Recognizing the social pressures that may
   influence personal choices
3. Considering the consequences of each alternative
   rather than gravitating toward the one that
   initially seems most attractive

Question 8

Marriages and Families:
Four Themes

Answer 8

1.Personal decisions must be made throughout the life
course.
2. People are influenced by the society around them.
3. We live in a changing society, characterized by increased ethnic, economic, and family diversity;
4. Personal decision making feeds into society and changes it.

Question 9

Nuclear Family

Answer 9

In industrial or modern societies, the typical family structure often became the nuclear family (husband, wife, children). Only about 5% of families fit the 1950s nuclear family
ideal of married couple and children with a husband-breadwinner and wife-homemaker.

Question 10

Postmodern Family

Answer 10

Today’s families are not necessarily bound to one another by legal marriage, blood, or adoption. The term family can identify relationships beyond spouses, parents, children, and extended kin. Individuals fashion and experience intimate relationships and families in many forms

Question 11

The Family Ecology Perspective

Answer 11

a way of understanding how a family is affected by and influences its environment

Question 12

The Family Life Course Development

Answer 12

Families experience predictable changes over time.

Question 13

Structure-Functional Perspective

Answer 13

The family performs essential functions for society.

Question 14

The Interaction-Constructionist

Answer 14

The internal dynamics of a group of interacting individuals construct the family.

Question 15

Exchange Theory

Answer 15

The resources that individuals bring to a relationship or family
Networking, Social contracts

Question 16

Family Systems Theory

Answer 16

The family as a whole is more than the sum of its parts.

Question 17

Conflict and Feminist Theory

Answer 17

Gender is central to the analysis of the family. Male dominance in society and in the family is oppressive of women.

Question 18

The Biosocial Perspective

Answer 18

Evolution has put in place certain biological endowments that shape and limit family choices. Nature side

Question 19

Attachment Theory

Answer 19

Early childhood experience with caregiver(s) shape psychological attachment styles.

Question 20

Race

Answer 20

an unscientific social
construction that reflects how
people view varied social groups

Question 21

Ethnicity

Answer 21

refers to the historical
origins of one’s family

Question 22

Nationality

Answer 22

refers to the nation of
one’s citizenship

Question 22

Bias

Answer 22

A preference or inclination, favorable or unfavorable,
which inhibits impartial judgment
*generally it is UNCONSCIOUS

Question 23

Discrimination

Answer 23

Actions or practices carried out by a member(s) of
dominant groups, or their representatives, that have a
differential and negative impact on a member(s) of
subordinate groups

Question 23

Stereotype

Answer 23

A positive or negative trait or traits ascribed to a certain
group and to most members of that group

Question 24

Prejudice

Answer 24

negative attitude toward a group and persons perceived
to be members of that group; being predisposed to behave
negatively toward members of the group

Question 25

Bigotry

Answer 25

Extreme negative attitudes leading to hatred of a group
and persons regarded as members of the group

Question 25

Universalistic -

Answer 25

Problems regarded as systemic,
predictable, requiring research to identify causes of
problems affecting Many People

Question 26

Exceptionalistic

Answer 26

Social problems regarded as individual,
unpredictable, requiring solutions that address unique issues
of an Individual