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BCH4024 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of living organisms? (6)

A
  • Possess chemical complexity & microscopic organization.
  • Ability to extract, transform, and use energy from the environment.
  • Defined functinos for each biological component and regulation of interactions between components.
  • Ability to sense and respond to the environment.
  • Ability to self replicate.
  • As a species, ability to evolve and adapt to environment.
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2
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
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3
Q

Which two groups are single cell organisms without a nuclear membrane?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
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4
Q

What domain has cells with a nuclear membrane?

A
  • Eukarya
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5
Q

What species are classified as bacteria? (6)

A
  • Thermotogales
  • Flavobacteria
  • Cyanobacteria*
  • Proteobacteria (Purple bacteria)*
  • Gram-positive bacteria*
  • Green nonsulfur bacteria

*same ancestor

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6
Q

What species are classified as Archaea? (7)

A
  • Pyrodictium*
  • Thermoproteus*
  • Thermoproteus
  • Thermococcus
  • Methanococcus
  • Methanobacterium
  • Methanosarcina
  • Halophiles

*same ancestor

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7
Q

What is the size of Prokaryotic cells?

A

1-10 μm

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8
Q

What type of microorganisms are single-celled?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
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9
Q

What are flagella used for?

A

Mobility

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10
Q

What are pili for?

A

Adhesion

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11
Q

What is the cell envelope?

A

plasma memberane and the layers surrounding the plasma membrane

  • Outerlayers differ for different organisms
  • Can be foremed from membranes and peptidoglycans
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12
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A
  • the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
  • enclosed by the plasma membrane
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13
Q

What is the cytosol?

A
  • aqueous solution containing biomolecules
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14
Q

What is the nucleoid?

A

area containing genetic material without a membrane

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15
Q

What is the cytoskeleton made of? What does it do?

A
  • Made of protein
  • Provides structure and organization to cytoplasm is dynamic
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

How many ribosomes does a bacterial cell have?

A

roughly 15,000 ribosomes

18
Q

What is the size of a bacterial cell?

A

roughly 2 μm long x 1 μm diameter

19
Q

How big is a eukaryotic cell?

A

5-100 μm

20
Q

What groups are multicellular and classified as multicellular?

A
  • Protists
  • Fungi
  • Plants
  • Animals
21
Q

What is the outer membrane?

A

a dynamic structure of lipids and proteins

*of a eukaryotic cell

22
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

an area containing the genetic material enclosed by the membrane

23
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Protein-synthesizing machines

24
Q

What do Peroxisomes do?

A

Oxidize fatty acids

25
Q

What do Lysosomes do?

A

degrade intracellular debris

26
Q

What do transport vesicles do?

A

Shuttle lipids and proteins between the ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane

27
Q

What does the Golgi Complex do?

A

Processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for export.

28
Q

What occurs at the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (SER)

A

lipid synthesis and drug metabolism

29
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

genes (chromatin)

30
Q

What occurs in the Nucleolus?

A

site of Ribosomal RNA synthesis

31
Q

What occurs in the Rough ER?

A

protein synthesis

32
Q

What does the mitochondrion do?

A

oxidize fuels to produce ATP

33
Q

What do Chloroplasts do?

A

Harvest sunlight, produces ATP and carbs.

34
Q

What do Starch Granules do?

A

temporarily store carbohydrate products of photosynthesis

35
Q

What are Thylakoids?

A

the site of light-driven ATP synthesis

36
Q

What does the cell wall do?

A
  • provides shape and rigidity
  • protects the cell from osmotic swelling
37
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A
  • degrades and recycles macromolecules
  • stores metabolites
38
Q

What does the plasmodesma do?

A

provides path between two plant cells

39
Q

What does the Glyoxysome contain?

A

enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle

40
Q
A

BCH4024 (1 decks)

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