Exam 1

Question 1

What are the features of living organisms? (6)

Answer 1

• Possess chemical complexity & microscopic organization.
• Ability to extract, transform, and use energy from the environment.
• Defined functinos for each biological component and regulation of interactions between components.
• Ability to sense and respond to the environment.
• Ability to self replicate.
• As a species, ability to evolve and adapt to environment.

Question 2

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 2

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya

Question 3

Which two groups are single cell organisms without a nuclear membrane?

Answer 3

• Bacteria
• Archaea

Question 4

What domain has cells with a nuclear membrane?

Answer 4

• Eukarya

Question 5

What species are classified as bacteria? (6)

Answer 5

• Thermotogales
• Flavobacteria
• Cyanobacteria*
• Proteobacteria (Purple bacteria)*
• Gram-positive bacteria*
• Green nonsulfur bacteria

*same ancestor

Question 6

What species are classified as Archaea? (7)

Answer 6

• Pyrodictium*
• Thermoproteus*
• Thermoproteus
• Thermococcus
• Methanococcus
• Methanobacterium
• Methanosarcina
• Halophiles

*same ancestor

Question 7

What is the size of Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

1-10 μm

Question 8

What type of microorganisms are single-celled?

Answer 8

• Bacteria
• Archaea

Question 9

What are flagella used for?

Answer 9

Mobility

Question 10

What are pili for?

Answer 10

Adhesion

Question 11

What is the cell envelope?

Answer 11

plasma memberane and the layers surrounding the plasma membrane

• Outerlayers differ for different organisms
• Can be foremed from membranes and peptidoglycans

Question 12

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

• the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
• enclosed by the plasma membrane

Question 13

What is the cytosol?

Answer 13

• aqueous solution containing biomolecules

Question 14

What is the nucleoid?

Answer 14

area containing genetic material without a membrane

Question 15

What is the cytoskeleton made of? What does it do?

Answer 15

• Made of protein
• Provides structure and organization to cytoplasm is dynamic

Question 17

How many ribosomes does a bacterial cell have?

Answer 17

roughly 15,000 ribosomes

Question 18

What is the size of a bacterial cell?

Answer 18

roughly 2 μm long x 1 μm diameter

Question 19

How big is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 19

5-100 μm

Question 20

What groups are multicellular and classified as multicellular?

Answer 20

• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals

Question 21

What is the outer membrane?

Answer 21

a dynamic structure of lipids and proteins

*of a eukaryotic cell

Question 22

What is the nucleus?

Answer 22

an area containing the genetic material enclosed by the membrane

Question 23

What are ribosomes?

Answer 23

Protein-synthesizing machines

Question 24

What do Peroxisomes do?

Answer 24

Oxidize fatty acids

Question 25

What do Lysosomes do?

Answer 25

degrade intracellular debris

Question 26

What do transport vesicles do?

Answer 26

Shuttle lipids and proteins between the ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane

Question 27

What does the Golgi Complex do?

Answer 27

Processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for export.

Question 28

What occurs at the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (SER)

Answer 28

lipid synthesis and drug metabolism

Question 29

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 29

genes (chromatin)

Question 30

What occurs in the Nucleolus?

Answer 30

site of Ribosomal RNA synthesis

Question 31

What occurs in the Rough ER?

Answer 31

protein synthesis

Question 32

What does the mitochondrion do?

Answer 32

oxidize fuels to produce ATP

Question 33

What do Chloroplasts do?

Answer 33

Harvest sunlight, produces ATP and carbs.

Question 34

What do Starch Granules do?

Answer 34

temporarily store carbohydrate products of photosynthesis

Question 35

What are Thylakoids?

Answer 35

the site of light-driven ATP synthesis

Question 36

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 36

* provides shape and rigidity * protects the cell from osmotic swelling

Question 37

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 37

* degrades and recycles macromolecules * stores metabolites

Question 38

What does the plasmodesma do?

Answer 38

provides path between two plant cells

Question 39

What does the Glyoxysome contain?

Answer 39

enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle