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Mom/Baby > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gestation

A

Age of pregnancy

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2
Q

Antepartum

A

Total time of pregnancy including prenatal care

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3
Q

Intrapartum

A

Labor and birth

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4
Q

Gravida

A

Pregnant women

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5
Q

Nulligravida

A

Never experienced a pregnancy

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6
Q

Multigravida

A

Has had multiple pregnancies

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7
Q

Para

A

Number of viable pregnancies (>20wks)

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8
Q

Term

A

37-42 wks

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9
Q

Preterm

A

20-36 wks

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10
Q

Viability

A

22-24 wks

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11
Q

Pyrosis

A

Heartburn

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12
Q

Quickening

A

First feelings of fetal movement
(16-20wks)

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13
Q

Lightening

A

Fundal ht decreases as fetus descends
@36-38wks

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14
Q

Postpartum

A

6-12wks

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15
Q

Friability

A

Cervix tissue easily damaged that can cause bleeding after coitus with deep penetration

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16
Q

Operculum

A

Mucous plug

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17
Q

Implantation bleeding

A

6-12 days after conception

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18
Q

Presumptive signs of pregnancy

A

Amenorrhea
Urinary frequency
Breast changes
Fatigue
N/V
Quickening

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19
Q

Probable signs of pregnancy

A

Braxton hicks
Uterine enlargement
Positive test
Hegar sign
Ballotment
Chadwicks sign
Goodells sign

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20
Q

Positive signs of pregnancy

A

Ultrasound
Doppler
Leopalds maneuver

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21
Q

Hegar sign

A

Softening of lower uterine segment

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22
Q

Ballotment

A

Movement of fetus when examiner pushes cervix (16-18wks)

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23
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

Cervix becomes deep blue/violet

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24
Q

Goodells sign

A

Softening of cervix

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25
Q

Naegeles rule

A

Add 9 months and 7days to LMP

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26
Q

Initial lab testing during prenatal appt

A

HIV
Hepatitis B
Drug testing

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27
Q

Follow up schedule after initial prenatal appt

A

0-28 wks- monthly
29-36 wks- every 2 wks
37-40wks- weekly

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28
Q

Fundal ht

A

Distance from pubic symphysis to highest part of uterus
Fundal ht=wks gestation

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29
Q

Lab testing schedule

A

15-18wks: multiple marker (birth defects)
15-26wks: amniocentesis (tests and diagnoses certain birth defects and genetic conditions)
24-28wks: GTT and coombs test (screen antibodies for Rh factor)

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30
Q

Warning signs to REPORT

A

Vaginal bleeding
Abd/epigastric pain
Severe headache
No fetal movement for more than 12hrs
Temp>100.4
Any fluid from vagina (not leukorea)

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31
Q

Adolescent complication risks

A

Anemia
Preterm birth
Preeclampsia

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32
Q

Adv maternal age risk complications

A

Vaginal bleeding, preeclampsia, multiple gestation, gestational diabetes, preterm labor, dysfunctional labor, c-section

Fetal complications: low birth wt, macrosomia, cogenital malformations

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33
Q

Cardiovascular changes

A

HR increases by 10-20
BP decreases slightly
Bld volume increases by 40-45%
Cardiac output increases 30-50%
Thrombosis risk
Palpitations

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34
Q

Respiratory changes

A

RR increases slightly
Dyspnea
Congestion that can cause nosebleed
Change in voice
SOB common in 3rd trimester

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35
Q

Vaccines should and shouldn’t get

A

Should: TDAP, recombinant Hep B, inactivated flu vaccine

Shouldn’t: measles/rubella, varicella, mumps, and live flu vaccines

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36
Q

Pica

A

No food cravings

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37
Q

Melisma/Chloasma

A

Darkening of face

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38
Q

Vascular malformation

A

Spider veins

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39
Q

Pregnancy role identification

A

Phase 1: I am pregnant
Phase 2: I’m having a baby
Phase 3: I’m going to be a mom

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40
Q

Epulis

A

Red, raised nodule on gums (bleeds easily)- enlarged as pregnancy progresses

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41
Q

Ovulation

A

14 days before next period
Mature ovum lives 12-24 hrs than start to degenerate
Sperm lives up to 5 days

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42
Q

hPL

A

Makes placenta raise BS

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43
Q

HcG

A

Maintains corpus luteum until placenta develops
I’m urine/serum 10-14 days after conception

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44
Q

Estrogen

A

Increases blood flow to uterus
softens cervix
Initiate uterine activity
maintain labor
develops breasts
secretion of prolactin

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45
Q

Progesterone

A

Prepare uterus for implantation
Prevent immunologic response to fetus
Supports until placenta develops
Develops duct Al system for location

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46
Q

Relaxin

A

Relaxes pelvic muscles and joints

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47
Q

What can give a false positive pregnancy test

A

Methadone

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48
Q

What can give a false negative pregnancy result

A

Promethazine

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49
Q

When can breasts secrete milk

A

18wks gestation

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50
Q

Chorion

A

Outer sac next to uterine wall

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51
Q

Amnion

A

Inner sac next to fetus

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52
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Placenta fused to uterine wall
Difficult separating at delivery

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53
Q

Placenta previa

A

Low lying placenta covering uterus opening

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54
Q

Abrupto placenta

A

Premature separation of placenta from blood clot
Oxygen and nutrients to fetus are compromised
Bed rest for mom as long as possible until delivery absolutely necessary

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55
Q

What does the placenta secrete

A

HcG
Progesterone
Estrogen
HpL

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56
Q

Where is the fundus a 20weeks? 36wks?

A

20-umbilicus
36-xyphoid

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57
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

98% water, 2% salt
34wks- 800 mL
Term- 600mL

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58
Q

Vaginal changes

A

Increase discharge and acidity

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59
Q

Transvaginal ultrasound

A

Empty bladder before
If cyst- ovarian function stops
Measures cervical thickness

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60
Q

GI changes

A

Heartburn
Delayed gallbladder emptying
N/V
Constipation
Hemorrhoids
Hiatal hernia
Increased vascularity of gums and saliva

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61
Q

Renal changes

A

Bladder displacement and enlarges
Increased GFR, urinary stasis, frequency
UTI risk
Decreased bladder tone, BUN, Crt, uric acid, glucose clearance
Specific gravity stable
Protein in urine is BAD

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62
Q

Partner violence

A

May escalate during pregnancy
1st incidence during pregnancy

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63
Q

Hygiene/lifestyle

A

Sweat more, body odor and acne
No douching
Side sleep after 1st trimester

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64
Q

Traveling

A

Safe up to 36 wks
Ambulate every 1-2hrs to prevent thrombosis

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65
Q

Avg wt gain

A

25-35 lbs

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66
Q

Moderate exercise can

A

Improve muscle tone
Shorten course of labor
Increase sense of well being

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67
Q

Normal CBC

A

RBC ^20-30%
Hct ^33-46%
Hgb 10.5-11

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68
Q

Signs of anemia

A

Increased RLS
Increased HR
Palpitations
Tachypnea
Coolness to hands and feet

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69
Q

Iron supplements

A

Take on empty stomach
Vit C increases absorption
Ca and tannic acid stop absorption

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70
Q

Diet high in iron

A

Red meats
Poultry
Legumes
Green leafy veggies
Dried fruits

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71
Q

What lowers absorption of Folic acid supplements

A

Anticonvulsants
Oral contraceptives
Sulfa abts
Alcohol

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72
Q

Foods high in folic acid

A

Dark green leafy veggies
Black eyed peas
Fortified cereals
Rice
Pasta
Asparagus
Brussels sprouts

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73
Q

Terbutaline

A

Tocolytic
Helps hold off preterm labor
Relaxes uterus so contractions don’t occur

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74
Q

Antidote for oxytocin

A

Terbutaline

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75
Q

Side effects of terbutaline

A

Tremors
Nervousness
Pulm edema
Arrhythmias
HTN
MI
N/V
High BS

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76
Q

Nifedipine

A

Calcium channel blocker/tocolytic
Suppresses labor

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77
Q

Side effects of nifedipine

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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78
Q

Mg sulfate

A

Resolves eclampsia

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79
Q

Adverse effect of mg sulfate

A

Arrhythmias
Bradycardia
Flushing
Diarrhea
Hypothermia
Muscle weakness
Drowsiness
Low RR

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80
Q

Betamethasone

A

Steroid
Given before delivery to prevent respiratory distress syndrome in newborns- beefs up their lungs

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81
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterotonic
For induction of labor
Control of postpartum bleeding

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82
Q

Side effect of oxytocin

A

Abruptio placenta
Coma/seizures

Fetal- intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxia, asphyxia

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83
Q

Methylergonovine maleate

A

For postpartum hemorrhage
Contraindicated in HTN pts

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84
Q

Dinoprostone

A

Prostaglandin
Ripens cervix for initiation of labor

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85
Q

Side effects of Dinoprostone

A

Cx abnormalities
Warm feeling in vagina
Back pain
Fever
Urinary retention

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86
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin
Cervical ripening and labor induction

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87
Q

Side effects of Misoprostol

A

Abd pain
Diarrhea/ constipation
Miscarriage
Menstrual disorders
Headache

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88
Q

WARNING for Misoprostol

A

Can cause birth defects
Abortion
Premature birth
Uterine rupture

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89
Q

Carboprost tromethamine

A

Prostaglandin
For postpartum hemorrhage

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90
Q

HTN pre pregnancy

A

Diagnosed before 20wks
High risk for preeclampsia
Risks: placental abruption, preterm birth, growth restriction

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91
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Decreases placental perfusion causing systemic disorder

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92
Q

Risk factors of preeclampsia

A

Fam hx
Multiples
African American
Obesity
Before 19 and after 40 yrs old

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93
Q

Symptoms of mild preeclampsia

A

BP >140/90
Protein +1 in urine
Sudden wt gain
Headache
Swelling in hands and feet
Increased DTR

94
Q

Symptoms of severe preeclampsia

A

BP >160/110
Protein +3 in urine
Severe headache
Blurred vision
Photophobia
RUQ/epigastric pain

95
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

Hemolysis
Elevated liver enzymes
Low platelets

96
Q

HELLP syndrome risks

A

Pulmonary edema
Renal/liver failure
DIC
Placental abruption
Acute respiratory syndrome
Sepsis
Stroke
Fetal/maternal death

97
Q

Symptoms of HELLP syndrome

A

DTR +3
Clonus >3 beats (uncontrollable shaking)

98
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Excessive vomiting with ketosis
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
Acetonia

99
Q

Threatened abortion

A

Light spotting
Mild cramping
Bed rest

100
Q

Inevitable abortion

A

Moderate bleeding
Mild severe cramping
Cervix dilated

101
Q

Incomplete abortion

A

Heavy, profuse bleeding
Severe cramping
Tissue passed

102
Q

Complete abortion

A

Slight bleeding
Mild cramps
Cervix closes after tissue passed

103
Q

Missed abortion

A

Spotting
No cramping
Cervix not open

104
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

95% in fallopian tubes
Other sites: ovary, abd cavity, cervix
Can lead to infertility

105
Q

S/S of Ectopic pregnancy

A

Abd pain- referred shoulder pain
Delayed menses or abnormal vaginal bleeding- gush of blood possible
Pain may stop
Hypovolemia

106
Q

Med for Ectopic pregnancy

A

Methotrexate

107
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Remove all or part of fallopian tube

108
Q

Salpingostomy

A

Remove products of conception and then repair fallopian tubes

109
Q

Abdominal cerclage

A

surgical placement of tape around uterine isthmus to help prevent abortion @11-13wks

110
Q

Teaching for abdominal cerclage

A

Bed rest
Tocolytics
Progesterone
Anti inflammatory drugs
Abts
Hydration

If cervix opens- pregnancy can’t be saved

111
Q

Risk factors of preterm labor

A

Previous hx
Multiples
Gestational diabetes
Adv maternal age
Obesity
2nd trimester bleeding
African American
Low prepreg wt
UTIs

112
Q

Signs of preterm labor

A

Contractions every 10 min or less for 1hr or more
Lower Abd cramps
Intermittent lower back pain
Suprapubic pain or pressure
Pelvic pain/pressure
Leukorrhea
Rupture of amniotic membranes
Signs of UTI

113
Q

Risks in multiples

A

Cardiac stress due to increased bld volume
Preterm labor and postpartum hemorrhage due to over distention of uterus
Placental previa or abruption due to placement
Surgical delivery due to malpresentation

114
Q

Risk factors with placenta previa

A

Prior c section
Suction curettage
Large placenta

115
Q

Signs of placenta previa

A

Painless
Bright red vaginal bleeding

116
Q

Risks of placenta previa

A

Preterm birth, congenital anomalies
Excessive bright red blood- no vaginal exams

117
Q

Placental abruption

A

Premature separation from implantation site >20wks

118
Q

Signs of Placental abruption

A

Vaginal bleeding
Abd pain
Rigid-board like fundus
Uterine contractions
Hypertonus (overly contracted)
Port-wine stained amniotic fluid

119
Q

Risk factors for Placental abruption

A

HTN with that pregnancy
Abd trauma
Cig smoking
Alcohol
Cocaine
Blood clotting disorders
Diabetes
Previous hx

120
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

Widespread external and internal bleeding with unrelated clot formation in other bld vessels

121
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) triggered by

A

Severe preeclampsia
HELLP
Hemorrhage
Hypoxia
Shock
Endothelial damage
Gram negative sepsis

122
Q

Signs of Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

Petechiae
Purpura
Mucous membrane bleeding
Bleeding from every break in skin

123
Q

Tx for Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

Replace blood and clotting factors

124
Q

S/s of cystitis

A

Dysuria, Frequency and urgency

125
Q

S/s of cystitis

A

Dysuria, Frequency and urgency

126
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Mostly develops in 2nd trimester
Hospitalization possible

127
Q

Alpha feto-protein (AFP)

A

Screening for neural tube defects and Abd wall anomalies

128
Q

Screening to detect chromosomal anomalies

A

HcG
Unconjugated estriol
Inhibin A

129
Q

Triple screen

A

AFP
hcG
UE3

130
Q

Cell free DNA

A

For fetal rH status, fetal gender, paternally transmitted single gene disorders

131
Q

Vibroacoustic stimulation

A

Vibrating sound stimulus on Abd to induce FHR accelerations

132
Q

Daily fetal movement count

A

Count Once a day for 60 min
2-3 times daily
10 movements in a 2hr period optimal

133
Q

Reactive non stress test

A

Indicates blood flow and oxygen to fetus is adequate
FHR at least 15 beats above baseline 2 times in 20 min

134
Q

Non reactive non stress test

A

May indicate fetal distress due to problems with placenta or umbilical cord
Follow-up with BPP to determine if poor oxygenation or not

135
Q

Contraction stress test

A

Pattern of at least 3 cx in 20 min lasting 40-60 sec

136
Q

Negative Contraction stress test (CST)

A

No late decelerations NORMAL

137
Q

Positive Contraction stress test (CST)

A

Late decelerations with cx (STRESSED/placental insufficiency)

138
Q

Variability

A

Fluctuations in baseline FHR

139
Q

Absent FHR variability

A

No variability BAD

140
Q

Minimal FHR variability

A

<5 bpm
Baby sleeping/meds-narcotic?

141
Q

Moderate FHR variability

A

6-25 bpm variability NORMAL

142
Q

Marked FHR variability

A

> 25 bpm
STRESSED BABY

143
Q

FHR tachycardia

A

> 160 bpm
Early sign of fetal hypoxemia, maternal fever/infection or fetal anemia

144
Q

FHR bradycardia

A

<110 bpm
Usually caused by fetal cardiac problems such as structural defects, viral infections, maternal hypoglycemia and hypothermia

145
Q

Accelerations

A

<30 sec of at least >15 bpm above baseline with return to baseline within 2 min NORMAL
more than 10 min= change in baseline

146
Q

Early decelerations

A

Gradual decrease and return to baseline during cx
Causes by fetal head compression

147
Q

Late decelerations

A

Gradual decrease in and return to baseline FHR
The decrease starts AFTER cx already started
Placental insufficiency

148
Q

Late decelerations caused by

A

Transient hypoxemia- supine hypotension
Epidural
Placenta previa/abruption
Post term gestation
DM

Stop pitocin, change position, O2 10L and elevate legs

149
Q

Variable decelerations

A

Abrupt decrease in FHR
Caused by cord compression
Stop pitocin, change position, O2 10L

150
Q

Prolonged decelerations

A

Variable decelerations >2 min

151
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

Removal of small tissue specimen from fetal portion of placenta
Performed @10-13 wks

152
Q

Chorionic villus sampling risks

A

Vaginally- premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion

Abdominal- more invasive, can cause premature labor or rupture of membranes

153
Q

Cordocentesis

A

Direct access to fetal circulation
Insert of needle directly into fetal umbilical vessel under ultrasound guidance

154
Q

Amniocentesis for

A

Genetic concerns (adv age and hx)
Fetal hemolytic disease
Fetal maturity (L/S and S/A ratios)

155
Q

Complications of Amniocentesis

A

Hemorrhage
Feto-client hemorrhage
Infection
Labor
Abrupto placenta
Damage to intestines or bladder
Amniotic fluid embolism

156
Q

Fetal complications of Amniocentesis

A

Death
Hemorrhage
Infection (amniotitis)
Injury from needle

157
Q

GTT

A

1hr test @ 24-28 wks
If >130-140, 3hr GTT done. If >180, Dx

158
Q

Gestational diabetes risk factors

A

Obesity
Fam hx
>35 yrs old
Prev infant >9lbs @ birth

159
Q

Gestational diabetes can cause

A

Macrosomia
Prematurity
Respiratory distress
Malformations of skeleta, CNS and cardio system

160
Q

Insulin needs for gestational diabetes

A

1st trimester- reduced need
2nd trimester- begin to increase
3rd trimester- may increase 2-4c more
Birth- decreases
Breastfeeding- up to 25% lower needs

161
Q

Toco

A

Measures pressure changes with cx

162
Q

Ultrasound

A

Records FHR

163
Q

Occiput

A

Back of head

164
Q

5 Ps affecting labor

A

Passenger- fetus
Passageway-birth canal
Powers- contractions
Position of the mother
Physhological response

165
Q

Head first fetal presentation

A

Vertex/cephalic

166
Q

Feet first fetal presentation

A

Breech

167
Q

Shoulder first fetal presentation

A

Transverse

168
Q

Fetal lie

A

Longitudinal or vertical

169
Q

Fetal attitude

A

Head position (flexed/extended)

170
Q

Fetal position

A

relation of fetal head to maternal pelvis
ROP, LOP, ROA, LOA, transverse

171
Q

ROP

A

Head forward and back against right hip

172
Q

LOP

A

Head forward and back against left hip

173
Q

ROA

A

Back against rt hip and head facing towards moms back

174
Q

LOA

A

FAVORABLE
back against left hip and head towards moms back

175
Q

Introitus

A

External opening to vagina

176
Q

Primary powers

A

Effacement
Dilation
Ferguson reflex

177
Q

Secondary powers

A

Bearing down

178
Q

External powers

A

Gravity
Medical intervention

179
Q

1st stage of labor

A

Onset of contractions to full dilation of cervix
Early: 3-8hrs long
Active: 3-7hrs long
FHR tracing every 30 min

180
Q

Early/latent phase of labor (1st)

A

Up to 5cm dilation
Cx 30-45 sec every 5-20 min

181
Q

Active phase of labor (1st)

A

6-10 cm dilated
Cx 40-70 sec every 3-5 min

182
Q

2nd stage of labor

A

Full dilation to birth
FHR monitoring q15 min
10-60 min
Active pushing and bearing down

183
Q

3rd stage of labor

A

Birth of fetus to delivery of placenta
5-20 min
Sudden gush of dark blood and fluid
Lengthening of umbilical cord
Vaginal fullness

184
Q

4th stage of labor

A

2hrs post delivery of placenta

185
Q

7 cardinal movements of labor

A
  1. Engagement and decent
  2. Flexion
  3. Internal rotation
  4. Extension
  5. Restitution
  6. External rotation
  7. Expulsion (birth)
186
Q

Emergency medical treatment and active labor act

A

Anybody can deliver a baby in a hospital
Can’t turn them away

187
Q

Opioids during labor

A

Don’t use if drug dependent- will cause withdrawal symptoms in mother and/or neonate
Check dilation before giving (<8cm)

188
Q

Local infiltration

A

Used to numb perineal area for episiotomy
No SE unless allergy

189
Q

Common SE of epidural

A

Hypotension and headache (CSF leak)

190
Q

Pudendal nerve block

A

Late in 2nd stage of labor
Helpful in episiotomy
Forceps used or vacuum

191
Q

Stadol

A

Opioid for mod-severe labor pain & post op c section
SE: FHR temporarily absent or minimal, HTN

192
Q

Narcotic withdrawal symptoms

A

Yawning
Runny nose
Sweating
Mydriasis (dilation of pupils)
Irritability
Tremors
Chills/hot flashes
Piloerection
Violent sneezing
Bone/muscle pain

193
Q

Intrauterine pressure catheter

A

Provides accurate measurement of intensity of cx
For amnioinfusion
Amniotic sac must be ruptured

194
Q

Internal fetal heart monitoring

A

Accurate FHR
Amniotic sac must be ruptured
Must be attached to bony part of head

195
Q

Rupture of membranes

A

Should be clear or meconium stained (brown/green) with no odor

196
Q

Prolapsed cord

A

Rapid descent in FHR
Trendelenburg position
Emergency c section

197
Q

Oxytocin challenge test

A

Assessing fetal response to cx
Pitocin started- 3 contractions in 10 min
Positive= decels (follow up with BPP)
Negative= no decels

198
Q

Intrauterine growth retardation

A

Inadequate fetal growth

199
Q

Preterm labor risk factors

A

Hx of preterm birth
African American
Genital tract infections
Multiples
2nd trimester bleeding
Low preg wt

200
Q

Test to help prevent preterm labor

A

Fetal fibronectin-binder-vaginal swab
@22-34 wks

201
Q

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)

A

Rupture before 37 wks
Infection major risk
1 hr before labor

202
Q

Chorioamnionitis

A

Bacterial infection of amniotic cavity

203
Q

Signs of Chorioamnionitis

A

Maternal fever
Fetal tachycardia
Uterine tenderness
Foul odor of amniotic fluid

204
Q

Risks of post term labor

A

Dysfunctional labor, macrosomia, hemorrhage, infection

Fetal risks- macrosomia, oligohydraminos from aging

Most MDs induce @41 wks

205
Q

Dysfunctional labor (dystocia)

A

Long difficult abnormal labor

Ineffective uterine contractions, abnormal presentation, position or development, abnormalities of pelvic or reproductive tract

206
Q

Precipitous labor

A

Labor less than 3hrs with or without augmentation

207
Q

Induction

A

Effective >39 wks
Bishop score must be a 6 or more

208
Q

Contraindications of oxytocin

A

Unfavorable fetal position
Maternal oliguria
Placenta previa
Active herpes
Macrosomia
Fetal distress
Early preterm labor

209
Q

Risks that come with oxytocin

A

Placental abruption
Uterine rupture
Unnecessary c section
Postpartum hemorrhage
Infection
Fetal hypoxemia and academia

210
Q

Forceps assisted birth

A

Used when 2nd stage is prolonged
Fetal indications- abnormal FHR, abnormal presentation (breech)

211
Q

Vacuum assisted birth

A

Cup attached to head using neg pressure
Prereqs: 10 cm dilated, engaged head/vertex presentation, ruptured membranes, no suspicion of CPD

212
Q

Vaginal birth after c section

A

Biggest risk- uterine rupture
Trial of labor done first

213
Q

Contraindications of vaginal birth after c section

A

Hx of vertical incision in uterus
>3 c sections
Complications present
Previous uterine injury

214
Q

Meconium stained amniotic fluid

A

Fetus passed first stool before birth
Fluid thin and light green
Indent risk of meconium aspiration- intubate to suction meconium below cords before 1st breath

215
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

Head born and shoulder is stuck under pubic arch
McRoberts maneuver- flex moms knees to shoulder to shorten birth canal

216
Q

Umbilical cord prolapse

A

Cord below fetal presentation
Long cord >100 cm
Breech presentation, transverse lie

217
Q

Possible causes of uterine rupture

A

Multiple c sections (separation of scar)
Multiples
Macrosomia
Induced labor
No prev vag births
Congenital uterine anomaly
Uterine trauma
Forceps delivery
Infection

218
Q

Signs of uterine rupture

A

Abnormal FHR and loss of contraction tracing
Tetany of uterine muscle
Loss of fetal station
Abd pain/shock

219
Q

Amniotic fluid embolism

A

Fluid contains particles of debris

220
Q

Signs of amniotic fluid embolism

A

Acute hypotension
Hypoxia
Cardio collapse
Coagulopathy

Neonatal outcome poor and maternal mortality high

221
Q

Inevitable preterm birth

A

Indication: labor >4 cm
Mg sulfate given to reduce/prevent neonatal neurological sequelae
Neonatal CPR

222
Q

Fetal monitoring strip

A

Dark line=1 min

223
Q

Periodic episode

A

FHR change associated with cx

224
Q

Episodic change in FHR

A

Not associated with cx

225
Q

Amnioinfusion

A

Reduces cord compression
Infused @room temp, isotonic fluid into uterine cavity if volume of amniotic fluid is low
Fluid administered through IUPC

226
Q

Risks with amnioinfusion

A

Over distention of uterine cavity and increased uterine tone

227
Q

TORCH infections

A

Toxoplasmosis
other infections (syphilus, HBV, HIV, parvovirus, west Nile and Zika)
Rubella
cytomegalovirus
herpes simplex

Capable of crossing the placenta
Produce influenza like symptoms

228
Q

Nitrazine test

A

Tests for ruptured membrane
Low ph: membranes probably intact 5-6
Higher ph: membranes probably ruptured 6.5-7.5

229
Q

BPP

A

Fetal breathing movement
Fetal tone
Amniotic fluid volume

230
Q

Hydatidiform mole

A

Increased fundal height
Excessive N/V
Scant dark discharge in 2nd trimester

Mom/Baby (4 decks)

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