Exam 1

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

It is everything an organism does, including private and covert actions.

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

It is the acquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism’s behavior due to lifetime events.

Question 3

The father of modern behavior analysis is…

Answer 3

B.F. Skinner

Question 4

In the A-B-A-B reversal design, the “A” stands for…

Answer 4

Baseline

Question 5

The independent variable of an experiment is …

Answer 5

what the investigator changes

Question 6

Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is part of…

Answer 6

Respondent conditioning.

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the 4 basic contingencies?

Answer 7

Positive extinction

Question 8

A functional analysis is used to show a causal relationship between

Answer 8

Behavior and the environment.

Question 9

A momentary change in reinforcer effectiveness and a momentary increase in behavior that produces that reinforcer are likely the result of an…

Answer 9

Establishing operation (EO).

Question 10

The form or structure of a response is known as…

Answer 10

Topography

Question 11

What is behavior?

Answer 11

Anything a person says or does, including private events such as thoughts and emotions.

Question 12

Ivan Pavlov is credited as the founder of…

Answer 12

Respondent Conditioning

Question 13

When an unconditioned stimulus repeatedly elicits an unconditional response, and the rate of response gradually declines, what has occurred?

Answer 13

Habituation

Question 14

Justin finishes a task at work ahead of schedule, so his supervisor gives him a bonus. Now, Justin tries to finish all tasks at work ahead of schedule. This is an example of…

Answer 14

Positive Reinforcement

Question 15

____ is an example of behavior.

Answer 15

Smiling (any action)

Question 16

When a behavior occurs again after it has not occurred for some time due to extinction, the process is called…

Answer 16

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 17

When Pavlov paired the food with the ringing of a bell, the dog would salivate. After several pairings Pavlov stopped presenting the food, and would only ring the bell. When only ringing the bell, the dog would still salivate. Salivate had now become a…

Answer 17

Conditioned Response (CR)

Question 18

In Pavlov’s experiments on respondent conditioning, when the dog was given food, it would salivate. In this case, food was an…

Answer 18

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 19

Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is…

Answer 19

No longer reinforced

Question 20

A consequence can be considered a punisher if…

Answer 20

Behavior decreases in the future

Question 21

A stimulus that precedes an operant and sets the occasion for a behavior to occur is known as a…

Answer 21

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Question 22

Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher. As a result of being removed from class activities, Andrew never swears at his teacher again. This is an example of…

Answer 22

Negative Punishment

Question 23

2 types of learning in ABA

Answer 23

Respondent & Operant

Question 24

S - R / Classical, Pavlovian learning, or conditioning.

Answer 24

Respondent

Question 25

S - R - S / Consequential learning

Answer 25

Operant

Question 26

_____ occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 26

Respondent Conditioning

Question 27

_____ is one that does not elicit any behavior automatically.

Answer 27

Neutral Stimulus

Question 28

_____ means that two stimuli were presented at the same time repeatedly

Answer 28

Paired

Question 29

_____ is one that elicits a reflex response.

Answer 29

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 30

_____ occurs when a particular stimulus event that follows a response makes it more likely that a response will occur more or less frequently in the future.

Answer 30

Operant Conditioning

Question 31

Consequences can be observed at 3 levels

Answer 31

Species, Behavior, & Culture

Question 32

Watson...

Answer 32

* No need for unobservable mental associations to account for behavior. * Rejected scientific data on feelings and thoughts. * Developed the S - R psychology.

Question 33

The Structural Approach

Answer 33

Behavior is described in terms of how it looks. (Topography) Example: The boy threw a toy really hard

Question 34

Thorndike...

Answer 34

* First to study Operant Behavior * Trial - and - Error learning * Law of effect

Question 35

The Functional Approach

Answer 35

Behavior is described in terms of its effects or its outcomes. Example: When the boy threw the toy, his sister left him alone.

Question 36

Behaviors may or may not look the same, but still have the same function.

Answer 36

Example: writing a message, speaking, and using sign language are all under the response class of conveying information.