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Field Natural History > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.6 billion years

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2
Q

First life on Earth?

A

3.7 BYA

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3
Q

First Multi-celled organisms?

A

1.5 BYA

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4
Q

Explosion of plants and animals

A

600 MYA

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5
Q

First Homo Sapiens?

A

200,000 years ago

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6
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Eat premade organic things

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7
Q

Autotrophs

A

Make own organic compounds

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8
Q

Taxonomy

A

Classifying Organisms

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9
Q

Categories of Taxonomy

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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10
Q

Domains

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

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11
Q

6 Kingdom System

A

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

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12
Q

Live in extreme environments, look like bacteria, biochemical differences between the two

A

Archebacteria

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13
Q

Domain of Animals

A

Eukarya

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14
Q

Historic morphological criteria for dividing into phyla

A

symmetry, gut type, segmentation, embryonic development

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15
Q

Common phyla

A

sponges, cniderians, echinoderms, chordates, flatworms, molluscs, annelids (segmented worms), arthropods, nematodes (round worms)

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16
Q

phylum sponges characteristic

A

no symmetry

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17
Q

phylum cnidaria characteristics

A

true tissues, radial symmetry, incomplete digestive tract, stinging cells (anemone, jellyfish)

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18
Q

phylum flatworms

A

not segmented, simple digestive and nervous system (tapeworms)

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19
Q

phylum roundworms

A

complete digestive system, shed skin (human pinworm)

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20
Q

phylum segmented worms

A

complex circulatory system (earthworms)

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21
Q

Phylum mollusks

A

unsegmented soft body, external or internal shell, has a mantle (fold in soft body that secretes shell) (snails, octopus)

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22
Q

phylum arthropoda

A

jointed appendages, chiton exoskeleton which they shed (insects, crustaceans)

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23
Q

Phylum echinoderms

A

“Spiny skin,” Pentaradial symmetry (starfish)

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24
Q

phylum chordata

A

Most, but not all, are vertebrates

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25
Q

Class: cartilage fish

A

vertebrates: sharks, rays

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26
Q

Class: bony fish

A

vertebrates: tuna, goldfish, swordfish, etc.

27
Q

Class: amphibians

A

vertebrates: Toads, true frogs, salamanders

28
Q

class: reptiles

A

vertebrates: turtles, lizards, snakes

29
Q

class: birds

A

vertebrates, cardinal, heron, bluejay

30
Q

class: mammals

A

vertebrates, dog, cat, whale

31
Q

class: insects

A

ants, grasshoppers, butterflies

32
Q

class: crustaceans

A

crab, rolly polly, shrimp

33
Q

class: arachnids

A

spiders, ticks

34
Q

dichotomous key

A

used for identification, compiled of two-choice questions

35
Q

white pine ID

A

needles come in packs of 5, each 3-5 in long

36
Q

white pine ecological fact

A

16 species of songbirds eat the seeds

37
Q

yellow pine ID

A

needles come in packs of 2 or 3

38
Q

yellow pine ecological fact

A

one of the biggest sources of softwood in the US

39
Q

spruce ID

A

sharp and square, can be rolled between fingers

40
Q

spruce ecological fact

A

commonly used for making furniture

41
Q

eastern hemlock ID

A

needles short, flat, attached to branch by tiny petiole, grown in a flat plane (not all directions around the branch)

42
Q

Eastern hemlock ecological fact

A

thrives in north facing locations

43
Q

Fir ID

A

flat needles, attached without tiny petiole

44
Q

Fir uses

A

used for doors and windows

45
Q

rhododendron ID

A

Leaves are thick and evergreen, flowers range in color

46
Q

rhododendron uses

A

used for making bowls and spoons

47
Q

Order: Caudata

A

Caudal=tail, salamanders

48
Q

Order: Anura

A

True Frogs, Tree Frogs, Toads

49
Q

Life Cycle of Amphibeans

A

egg, tadpole, tadpole with 2 legs, tadpole with 4 legs, adult (salamanders keep tale)

50
Q

Frogs and toads are vocal

A

for breeding

51
Q

Frogs vs toads

A

adult frogs swim well, toads do not

52
Q

tree frog vs true frogs

A

true frogs live in or near water, tree frogs do not have webbed feet and their feet are sticky so they can climb

53
Q

Salamanders characteristics

A

moist porous skin, no claws

54
Q

WNC is the

A

salamander capital of the world

55
Q

requirements for lungless salamanders

A

must be very tiny and in well oxygenated water

56
Q

ephemeral ponds

A

ponds that are only there in spring

57
Q

bird characteristics

A

wings, feathers, warm-blooded

58
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

male and females looking vastly different (mallard ducks, cardinals)

59
Q

why do birds sing

A

attract mates and defend territory

60
Q

ecology definitions

A

1 study of interactions between organisms and their environments
2 study of the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms

61
Q

abiotic factors that affect distribution and abundance

A

water, temperature, terrain, soil texture

62
Q

limiting factor concept

A

the one thing inhibiting something from living or thriving somewhere (trout unable to lay eggs in the Swannanoa river because of the sediment)

63
Q

Niche concept

A

competing species have different patterns of resource use

Field Natural History (3 decks)

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